Anatomy and Physiology of nerves
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Neurons are the | the most important type of nerve cells. There are billions of other neurons and they process information to one another and transmit it to other neurons. |
| The neuron or nerve cell has 2 parts | 1. nerve fibers 2. the soma, or cell body |
| The core of the body is called the | Nucleus, the cell body is covered with a membrane. The axons and dendrites are projections of the cell body and specialize in receiving and conducting stimuli. |
| Each single cell has a single ____ which is wrapped in a ____________ | axon, myelin sheath |
| Axons are longer fibers than dendrites and have | terminal/end buttons at the tip |
| Axons send out | impulses generated within the neuron; these impulses are sent away from the cell body to other neurons |
| Neurons communicate with each other through junctions called _____ | synapses. |
| It is a chemical process of information exchange at the level of the synapse. | Neural transmission |
| It is a chemical contained within the terminal buttons, helps make contact between two cells by diffusing itself across the synaptic space | neurotransmitter |
| _____ and _____ are 2 important neurotransmitters in the motor system. | dopamine and acetylcholine |
| The 3 basic types of neurons are: | 1. motor neurons 2. sensory neurons 3. interneurons. |
| These neurons carry sensory impulses form the peripheral sense organs toward the brain. | sensory/afferent neurons |
| These neurons transmit impulses away from the central nervous system. | motor/efferent neurons (They cause glandular secretions or muscle contractions) |
| The most common type of neuron in the nervous system that link neurons with other neurons and help control movement | interneurons |
| Many axons, especially the Larger axons of the central nervous system and those in the PERIPHERAL nervous system, have a white insulating sheath called | myelin sheath (Schwann cells and oliodendroglia provide the myelin sheath around the axon. The myelin has breaks at the junction between the cells to facilitate the impulse transfer |
| The peripheral, autonomic, and central nervous systems are collectively referred to as the | nervous system |
| The central building blocks of the nervous system that are composed of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon is a | neuron |
| Some of these nerves have ____________ around them. Various types of nerves transmit impulses to and from the central nervous system | myelin sheaths |
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