Cultural Anthropology
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Created by:
aoashley89 on May 6, 2012
Description:
Chapter 13
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 band societies | basic social unit found in many hunting and gathering societies these societies are characterized by being kinship based and having no permanent political structure. |
| Tribal Societies | small-scale societies composed of a number of autinomous political units sharing common linguistic and cultural features. |
| Clan | a groupd of people that clam to be descended from a common ancestor |
| pan-tribal Mechanisms | clans, age grades, and secret societies found in tribal societies that cut across kinship lines and serve to integrate all of the local segments of the tribe into a larger whole. |
| chiefdoms | an intermediate form of political organization in which integration is achieved through the office of chiefs |
| State system of government | a bureaucratic, hierarchical form of goernment composed of various echelons of political specialists. |
| Nation | a group of people who share a common identity history and culture |
| State | a particular type of political structure that is hierarchical, bureaucratuc and has a monopoly on the legitimate use of force to implement its policies. |
| Democracy | type of system that involves popluar participation in decision making |
| Autocracy | form of government that is controlled by a leader who holds absolute power and deneies popular participation in decision maing |
| Sanctions | any means used to enforce compliance with the rules and norms of society |
| Poltical Coerciveness | the capacity of a political system to enforce its will on the general population |
| Socialization | Teaching the young people the norms in a society |
| Corporate lineages | Kinship groups whose members engage in daily activities together |
| Supernatural belief System | found in all societies, a set of beliefs that transcend the natural, obervable world |
| Age Organ. | a type of social organ. found in East Africa and among certian Nativa AMerican groups wherein people of roughly the same age pass through differnt levels of society together each age has different status. |
| Age grade | permanent age social stage that you pas through your whole life |
| Moots | informal hearings of disputes for the purpose of resolving conflicts usually found in small scale socities. |
| ordeal | a painful and possibly lifethreathing test inflicted on someone suspected of wrongdoing |
| Voluntaristic theory of state formation | the theory that suggests that stable systems of state governemnt arose because people voluntarliy surrendered some of their rights tot eh state inexchange for benefits |
| Hydraulic theory of state | the notion early state systems of gorvemnt arose becasue small-scale farmers were willing to surrender their rights for larger irrigation systems |
| Coercive theory of state | the argument that the state came into existence as a direct result of warfare |
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