Psychology Modules 58,59
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Prejudice | is an unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. |
| Stereotyping | One way we simplify our world is to categorize. We categorize people into groups by __________ them. |
| The just-world phenomenon | tendency to believe people get what they deserve. |
| Aggression | can be any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. |
| Environmental | temperature can lead to aggressive acts up to a certain point. |
| The Psychology of Attraction | Proximity (mere exposure effect) Physical attractiveness Similarity |
| Bystander Effect | Tendency of any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. |
| Providing someone to blame | Prejudice provides an outlet for anger [emotion] by _________. |
| Altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
| Social Exchange theory | The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
| Reciprocity Norm | An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. |
| Social-responsibility norm | an exception that people will help those dependent upon them |
| Passionate Love | An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present with the beginning of a love relationship. |
| Companionate Love | The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. |
| Equity | A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. |
| Self-disclosure | Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. |
| In Group | People whom one shares a common identity |
| Out Group | Those perceived as different from ones in group |
| In Group Bias | The tendency to favor ones own group |
| Frustration-Aggression principle | Frustration (caused by the blocking of an attempt to achieve a desired goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression. |
| Conflict | A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. |
| Social Trap | A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. |
| Mirror-image perceptions | Mutual views often held by conflicting people as when each sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views other side as evil and aggressive. |
| Social Inequality | prejudice develops when people have money, power, and prestige but others do not. |
| Example of Bystander Effect | Diffusion or responsibility, more people present the less responsible you feel. |
| Scapegoat Theory | The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. |
| Other-race effect | The tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races. |
| Superordinate goals | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. |
| GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension - reduced - A strategy designed to decrease international tensions. |
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