Bio Parent Child Conflict April 10
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9 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Parent Offspring conflict | -the interests of parent and offspring are not identical -parent is related to itself by 1.0 but to its offspring by 0.5, likewise for offspring -offspring will be selected to demand more resources from parent than parent is willing to give. More effort in raising offspring often comes at cost of higher parental mortality |
| Conflict with half siblings | -half siblings are 1/4 related which is less than full sibling. in that case the benefit of future offspring is halved and conflicts lasts longer -louder begging calls when degree of relatedness is lower |
| Biased parental care | -not all offspring are created equal -the tradeoff in cost and benefit of parental care changes across time -biased parental care: when parents invest in some offspring more than others -biased care can occur across lifespan, including in utero |
| Sex Biased birth ratio | -percentage of male and female at birth -differentiate from adult sex biased ratio which can also reflect sex differences in mortality -often given as a ratio male:female -1:1 is the same as 50% male and 50% female, 1.002:1 means that there are 2 more males for every thousand births 0.857:1 (Haiti) means that there are more females than males at birth |
| Frequency dependence | population is pulled towards an equilibrium at which the sexes are equally represented. |
| Trivers Willard Hypothesis | -predicts a greater investment in males when mother is in better condition -rests on assumptions: parental condition is associated with offspring condition, differences of offspring condition persist into adulthood, being in good condition directly affects male RS |
| Local Resource competition model | -predicts that mothers will invest more in the offspring that will not directly compete for them with resources -in most primates females remain so mothers are predicted to invest more in sons, but daughters can be an ally if they remain in community as well |
| Postnatal differential investment | -Some factors that may influence parental care differences between offspring: offspring sex, birth order and maternal experience, species dispersal patterns, maternal age, maternal physiology -measures of investment: lactation period, inter birth interval-the amount of time in between births |
| Rank and gender bias | -high ranking mothers invest in sons, while low ranking mothers invest in daughters |
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