Endocrine System Lab Practical

Terms	Definitions
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary/ Adenohypophysis
Hormones of Adenohypophysis	Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)	Target: Thyroid Gland Effect: regulates metabolic rate; prompts thyroid gland to release Thyroid Hormone (TH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACH)	Target: Adrenal Cortex Effect: signals the adrenal cortex to release stress hormone called glucocorticoids
Follicle- Stimulating Hormone (FSH)	Target: Gonads Effect: Females- triggers ovulation, estrogen and progesteron hormones; Males-testosterone
Growth Hormone (GH)	Target: Epiphyseal plates & Body Cells Effect: stimulates growth of bones @ epiphyseal plates; stimulates cells to make protein
Prolactin (PRL)	Target: Mammary Glands Effect: prompts mammary glands to make milk
Melanocyte- Stimulating Hormone (MSH)	Target: Melanocytes Effect: In fetuses only, it stimulates melanocytes in the skin to darken skin pigmentation
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Neurohypophysis
Hormones of The Posterior Pituitary/ Neurohypophysis	Hormone: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) & Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)	Target: Kidneys & Arterioles Effect: Stimulates kidneys to reclaim water; Raises blood pressure
Oxytocin	Target: Uterus & Mammary Glands Effect: prompts contraction of smooth muscle in reproductive tract; initiates labor; ejection of milk from breasts
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Gland
Hormones of the Thyroid Gland	Thyroid Hormone (TH) & Calcitonin
Thyroid Hormone (TH)	Target: All Body Cells Effect: Sets basal metabolic rate; protein synthesis
Goiter	effect of hyperthyroidism when there is insufficient amount of iodine in the diet. the thyroid gland enlarges
Calcitonin	Target: Osteoclasts in bone and Kidneys Effect: depresses calcium levels; slows osteoclasts activity; inhibits reabsorption of calcium from urine
Parathyroid Gland
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)	Target: Bone; Kidney; GI Tract Effect: Raises calcium levels in your blood
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas Hormones	Insulin & Glucagen
Insulin Hormone	Target: Body Cells Effect: signals most body cells to take up glucose from the blood; lowers blood sugar
Hyperglycemia	a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma
Diabetes Mellitus	caused by insufficient secretion of insulin or resistance of body cells to the effects of insulin. as a result glucose cannot enter most cells so blood sugar remains high and glucose appears in abundant in urine.
Glucagon	Target: Liver Effect: signals liver to release glucose from glycogen; raises blood pressure
Adrenal glands
Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Cortex	Secretes Cortisol & Aldosterone
Adrenal Cortex 3 Zones	1. Zona glomerulosa (most superficial) 2. Zona fasciculata 3. Zona reticularis
Adrenal Medulla	Secretes catecholamines (amino acids- norepinephrine and epinephrine)
Ovaries	Secretes Estrogen and Progesterone
Estrogen	Target: Uterus Effect: maintains secondary sex characteristics; signals uterine repair after period
Progesterone	Target: Uterus Effect: prepares uterus for pregnancy
Testes
Testes	Secretes Testosterone
Testosterone	Target: Promotes formation of secondary sex characteristics; promotes formation of sperm
Ovaries
Ovaries
Ovaries
Testis
Testis
Ovaries
Ovaries