1.
5 october manifesto freedoms: speech; conscience (religion); assembly; union; person (personal liberties)
2.
Alexander I: first czar; eased censorship; "push over"; open to liberal ideas after 1815 (congress of vienna)
3.
Alexander II: frees serfs; assassinated in carriage
4.
Alexander III: angry at father's assassination; starts Russification; starts the trans- siberian railroad
5.
anarchists: people who want to abolish all gov
6.
annexed: took control of
7.
austro- prussian war: italy requires venetia and lombardy
8.
chancellor: prime minister
9.
colossus: giant
10.
Count Camillo Cavour: PM; wanted end of Austrian power in italy; monarchist; annexed lombardy and venetia
11.
duma: elected national government
12.
emancipation: freeing of serfs
13.
emancipation of serfs: alexander II; peasants too poor to buy land; move to cities to get jobs
14.
emigration: moving away from homeland
15.
Francis Joseph: king of hungary; emperor of austria; makes limited reforms; constitution of limited gov
16.
franco- prussian war: italy requires rome
17.
Giuseppe Garibaldi: nationalist from kingdom of 2 sicilies; wants italy republic; starts the red coats
18.
Giuseppe Mazzini: founded young italy; wanted to set up revolutionary republic in rome; french forces toppled it
19.
kaiser: emperor
20.
Kulturkampf: "battle for civilization"
21.
Nicholas I: cracks down on dissent; motto= Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationalism
22.
Nicholas II: finished the trans- siberian railroad; bloody sunday; october manifesto; duma; appoints stolypin
23.
Otto von Bismarck: PM of Prussia; iron chancellor; blood and iron speech; wanted to build unified Germany with Prussia as its head; realpolitik; Kulturkampf
24.
pogroms: violent mob against the jews
25.
realpolitik: realistic politics based on the needs of the state
26.
reich: empire
27.
revolution of 1905: cause- bloody sunday; nick II has oct. manifesto;
28.
social welfare: programs that helps certain groups of people
29.
Victor Emmanuel II: king of sardinia; est. monarchy; appoints cavour PM; becomes king of all italy
30.
war with denmark: prussia & austria seized Schleswig and Holstein from denmark
31.
William I: Prussian king; kaiser of 2nd Reich; made constitution of limited monarchy
32.
William II: asks bismarck to resign; resisted many reforms; social welfare
33.
zemstovs: elected assemblies