| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Rectus Capitis Posterior Major | [O] C2 spinous process, [I] Occipital bone (lateral) [A] Bilateral: extends head; Unilateral: rotates head to same side [IN] C1 post ramus |
| Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor | [O] C1 posterior tubercle [I] Occipital bone (medial) [A] Bilateral: extends head; Unilateral: rotates head to same side [IN] C1 post ramus |
| Obliquus Capitis Superior | [O] C1 transverse process [I] Occipital bone [A] Bilateral: extends head Unilateral: tilts head to same side; rotates to opposite side [IN] C1 post ramus |
| Obliquus Capitis Inferior | [O] C2 spinous process [I] C1 transverse process [A] Bilateral: extends head Unilateral: rotates head to same side [IN] C1 post ramus |
| Serratus Posterior Superior | [O] Ligamentum nuchae: Lower cervical, upper thoracic spinous processes [I] 2nd-4th ribs (superior border) [A] Proprioception (Elevates ribs) [IN] 2nd-5th intercostal |
| Serratus Posterior Inferior | [O] Lower thoracic, upper lumbar spinous process [I] 8th-12th ribs (inferior borders) [A] Proprioception (Depresses ribs) [IN] Spinal T9-T12 ant rami |
| Splenius (capitis and cervicis) | [O] Nuchal ligament lower cervical, upper thoracic [I] capitis: mastoid process and occipital cervicis: upper cervical [A] Bilateral: extends head and neck Unilateral: flexes and rotates head to same side [IN] Post Rami |
| Spinalis (erector spinae) | [O] broad tendon from post iliac crest, sacrum, sacrioiliac+supraspinous ligaments, inf lumbar and sacral [I] Upper thoracic to cranium [A] Bilateral: extends vertebral column + head Unilateral: laterally flexes vertebral column [IN] Post rami |
| Longissimus (erector spinae) | [O] broad tendon from post iliac crest, sacrum, sacrioiliac+supraspinous ligaments, inf lumbar and sacral [I] ribs, thoracic and cervical vert, mastoid process [A] Bilateral: extends vertebral column + head Unilateral: laterally flexes vertebral column [IN] Post rami |
| Iliocostalis (erector spinae) | [O] broad tendon from post iliac crest, sacrum, sacrioiliac+supraspinous ligaments, inf lumbar and sacral [I] lower ribs, cervical vert [A] Bilateral: extends vertebral column + head Unilateral: laterally flexes vertebral column [IN] Post rami |
| Semispinalis capitis | [O] C4-T7 transverse process [I] occipital bone b/w sup and inf nuchal lines [A] Bilateral: extends thoracic and c-spine and head (stabilizes craniovertebral joints) unilateral: bends head, cervical and thoracic spines to same side, rotates to opposite side [IN] spinal post rami |
| Semispinalis (transversospinalis muscles) | [O] mid cervical - all thoracic [I] occipital bone, thoracic+cervical 4-6 segments [A] Bilateral: extends thoracic, c-spine and head (stabilizes craniovertebral joints) rotates contralaterally [IN] Post rami |
| Multifidus (transversospinalis muscles) | [O] post sacrum, superior iliac spine of ilium, lumbar vert, sacroiliac ligaments[I] thickest in lumbar 2-4 segments [A] stabilize vertebral column when moving v.c. [IN] Post rami |
| Rotatores (transversospinalis muscles) | [O] Transverse process of vertebrae (best=thoracic) [I] transverse/spinous processes of near vertebra 1-2 segments [A] stabilize vertebrae, local extension and rotatory movements v.c. [IN] Post rami |
| Trapezius | [O] occipital bone (superior nuchal line, protuberance) nuchal ligament, lower cervical, all thoracic [I] Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula [A] Descending part elevates, ascending part depresses (these together rotate superiorly) and middle(whole muscle) retracts scapula [IN] Accessory CN XI (motor) C3,C4 (pain/proprioception) |
| Levator Scapulae | [O] C1-C4 transverse process [I] Medial border Scapula (superior angle) [A] elevates scapula and tilts glenoid inferiorly by rotation scapula [IN] dorsal scapular |
| Rhomboid Minor | [O] nuchal ligament, lower cervical, upper thoracic [I] Medial border scapular spine [A] retract scapula and rotate to depress glenoid cavity (secure scapula to thoracic wall) [IN] Dorsal scapular |
| Rhomboid Major | [O] upper thoracic spinous processes [I] Medial border scapula [A] retract scapula and rotate to depress glenoid cavity (secure scapula to thoracic wall) [IN] Dorsal scapular |
| Latissimus Dorsi | [O] inf 6 thoracic vert, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest [I] floor of intertubercular groove of humerus [A] extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus [IN] Thoracodorsal (C6-C8) |
| Suboccipital Triangle (Space) | Muscles borders: obliquus capitis superior and inferior, rectus capitis posterior major Contents: suboccipital nerve and vertebral artery |
| Triangle of Auscultation (Space) | Muscle border: Latissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboid major Contents: within this space, intercosta space 6 has no overlying muscle, therefore easy to listen to sounds by thoracic organs (i.e. lungs) |
Combine with other sets
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