VID102 Midterm
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Created by:
conniemathews on May 7, 2012
Description:
Micophones and Room Acoustics
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Omnidirectional | (non-directional) |
| Cardioid | Unidirectional pick up sound better from the front and sides- 131 |
| Hypercardioid | More Narrow Pickup pattern than the supercardioid |
| Bidirectional | pickup sound from the front and back and rejecting the sides |
| supercardioid | 115 degree skinny |
| dynamic | moving coil, most rugged, uses a small coil that moves within a magnetic field when activated by sound. |
| condenser | very sensitive, require power supply. uses a movable plate that oscillates against a fixed plate to produce the sound. |
| ribbon | contains a paper thin element that vibrates in response to the velocity of sound waves. |
| lavaliere | very small mic |
| shotgun | Used as a boom mic, used on a fish-pole |
| wind filter | screen that fits inside or outside a mic and blocks the blasting noise caused by wind. |
| pop filter | screen designed to prevent the blasting or popping noise cased by talent who pop p's and b's |
| XLR | The standard connector for height end analog and digital audio, originally known as cannons XLR product line. |
| distance | 6 to 12 inches _____should be a reference point. |
| shotgun | A hyper cardioid mic on a boom above the actor's head and of course out of camera range. |
| boom | feature films they pick up sound better. Free from rubbing against clothing and wireless interference. Natural sound better. Easy follow talent. Not necessary to use multiple mics. |
| boom | Require an operator, expensive, get in camera shot, pickup too much ambience, out of range, need strength and endurance to hold a boom. |
| lavalieres | concentrate on talent's voice more, news anchors, interview subject, demonstrators, meteorologists, etc. compact size |
| lavalieres | easily rub against clothing, burden when miking talent. cable or belt pack can be easily seen in a wide camera shot. multiple lavs have to be used for more than one person.talent can not move around due cable or transmitter could show up in camera shot, batteries can go dead. |
| handheld | inexpensive, used for news reporting, can be used on booms to replace shotguns. |
| handheld | hard to hide on film shoots, causes pops, give off noise between mic and cable, easy damaged if dropped. |
| headphones | high quality isolation, bass response |
| wireless | Do not rely on these mics without a backup. Interference with batteries and cell phones. |
| room tone | sound of the room with no activity |
| ambience | background sound added to create a realistic feeling of location |
| sound over modulation | pay careful attention to audio levels/ DV and digital formats |
| digital sampling | sampling is the reduction of a continuous analog signal into a discrete signal. (soundwave) |
| human hearing | 20-2000 hz |
| audio waveforms | records at 44.1 khz or 48 khz |
| rarefraction | Sound is created when something vibrates, moving air molecules, back and forth. This pressure and vacuum. |
| frequency | The higher the frequency the higher the pitch. It is measured hz. 1000 cycles per second = kilohertz. |
| faster | The denser the medium the ___ the sound sound travels through it. |
| reverb | is attached to a direct sound. Result from sound bouncing off |
| direct sound | reaches listener without bouncing off any surfaces. |
| indirect sound | bounces off at least one object before arriving at the listener. |
| echo | is a separate sound entirely. |
| decibel | A precise measurement of the ratio between two signals. What we use to express this ratio between the standard and the sound we are measuring. |
| phase cancellation | The loss in intensity that occurs when two waveforms of equal frequency and opposite polarity are combined. |
| 3 to 1 rule | place a mic at lease three times closer to the sound source than it is to a reflective surface. |
| diegetic | Sound which source is voices of characters, sounds made by objects in the story, music represented as coming from the instruments in the story space. |
| non diegetic | Sound-narrator's commentary, mood music |
| handheld | If a boom mic cannot be used, plant a |
| furni pad | to allowed room noise or sound use this. |
| bit depth | the amount of information recorded at each sample interval. |
| CD Quality | quality sound is recorded at 16 bits. A digital audio signal or device capable of 20HZ-20KHz bandwdth. |
| ADR | Automatic Dialog Replacement-looping-ADR systems let actors go into a sound studio, hear short pieces of their own dialog repeated over and over in a constant rhythm and then recreate the performance line by line in sync with picture. |
| DAW | Digital Audio Workstation-software or integrated hardware for editing, processing and mixing sound. DAWS include a way to play video in sync. |
| Foley | Generating sound effects by duplicating the actors on screen movements in a sound. |
| distortion | anything that changes the output of an audio system so it no longer reflects the input signal. |
| MIDI | Musical Instrument Digital interface-can be play at low quality through synthesizers in most computers or synths. (A common language and electrical standard for describing events . |
| MP3 | MPEG II Layer 3,the most common file format and data reduction scheme for delivering audio over the internet. |
| AIFF | Audio interchange file format, the standard for Macintosh audio and video-editing systems. |
| interchange format | A standard method of passing audio elements and editing instructions between audio and video editing software. (OMF and AAF) |
| Pan | To move a mono audio signal across the stereo field, or place it in a specific left/right or front/back position. |
| production audio | Sounds recorded in the field while the picture is shot, usually dialog. May be recorded directly on the videotape, or as double system. |
| stereo | An audio signal that includes two distinct channels of information, one intended for the left ear and one for the right , . |
| wild | Recorded without synchronization. This can happen when a timecode generator or low-end audio workstation isn't locked to house sync, or when audio has been stored on a unstable medium. |
| addmrs | Attract the attention of your target audience • Speak to the audience in their own language • Relate to the audience's lives • Deliver a single core message • Deliver the message with clarity • Motivate the audience to act |
| peak | top of the wavelength |
| trough | the valley of the wavelength |
| wavelength | the distance from peak to peak |
| Inverse square law | The sound diminish by 6 decibels. I I/4 I/9 r 2r 3r |
| 2-pop | Used for picture and sound synchronization. Whereas laying down bars and tone prior to program starting calibration. |
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