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What is a community? Interacting populations in a particular area What is an ecosystem? Communities plus the environment. What is a biosphere? Regions of the earth, crust, waters and atmosphere inhabited by living things What is range in population ecology? Where the animals are What is the density in population ecology? Are there patterns in their density/distribution. What are populations dynamics? size and age. Changing of populations over time. Is range static? No, populations move. What are the 3 main patterns for how populations are distributed? Uniform, Random, Clumped What is Uniform spacing? Equally spaced apart, competition for resources is when this happens. Uniform is the most common. example is birds nesting sites What is Random spacing? Happens when resources are plentiful, organisms are usually solitary, and this is the least common. example is moose. What is clumped spacing? Happens when there is an uneven spacing of resources, could be water, food, nesting sites. Anything that is social has this. Herds. Humans. What are the 4 main components of populations? Immigration (+), Nasality (babies) (+) Mortality (-), Emigration (-). When does the exponential growth model work? Discrete breeding, meaning members of a population only reproduce once in their lifetime. What curve does the exponential growth model follow? J-Curve What is the lag phase? The bottom of the J-curve, when the population is still small. Can the exponential growth model happen in real life? No, need a lab. What is the logistic growth model? Based on continuous breeding. Meaning an organism can have many reproductive episodes. What is the lag phase of logistic growth model? Before the population takes off in numbers. What is the exponential phase logistic growth model? When the population is taking off and growing. What is the deceleration phase of logistic growth model? When the population is slowing down from growing. What is the stable equilibrium in the logistic growth model? When the population is stable in growth and death. What are the two factors that influence population size? 1.) Density dependent regulation (Biotic factors - competition, paras and 2.) Density independent regulation. (Abiotic factors, physical environment, fires). What is semalfaris reproduction? All of energy focused on reproduction, downfall of this, your lifespan is small. What is iteralparis reproduction? Live a long time, allows them to mature, then have reproduction. What are the categories of life histories? R Selected and K selected What is R- selected? Have traits that contribute to high rapid population growth rates. (J-Curve). What is K-selected? Populations are stable, based on the environment, we are K. Maximizes chances of living a long time. What is the individualistic model of community ecology? The reason populations live where they do, is because of the abiotic factors - physical aspects. Most ecologists favor this model What is the interactive model of community ecology? Biotic factors are the reason things live where they live. What is mutual ism? When two things work together for one goal. What is commonsensical? A good affect for one organism, and no affect on the other, like sea anemones on whales