1.
At what age does an infant start to purposely signal wants & needs?: 4 to 6 weeks
2.
Define colic.: sudden onset of irritability, fussiness or crying
3.
Define critical period.: a fixed period of time in which certain behaviors or developments emerge
4.
Define full-term infant.: infant born between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation
5.
Define infant mortality.: death that occurs within the first year
6.
Define preterm infant.: infant born before 37 weeks of gestation.
7.
Define reflex.: automatic response triggered by specific stimulus
8.
Define rooting reflex.: infant turns head toward the cheek that is touched.
9.
Define suckle.: reflex causing tongue to move forward and backward
10.
Describe Bright Futures role in combating infant mortality.: promotes and improves the health, education, and well-being of infants & children. Nutrition is one component but its about comprehensive health.
11.
Describe factors influencing infant mortality.: MAJOR factor is low birth weight. Three leading causes: congenital malformations, complications related to preterm births, and SIDS
12.
Describe Medicaid and CHIP role in combating infant mortality.: recognizes that birth weight is important for long term health. understands that prevention & treatment of complications for at-risk infants is an investment for the future
13.
Describe the EPSDT (Early Periodic Screening Detection & Treatment program role in combating infant mortality.: emphasizes nutrition; provides preventative & routine care for infants in low-income families
14.
Describe W.I.C & CDC role in combating infant mortality.: WIC is a special supplemental food program and the CDC collaborate to track infant growth as a part of the Nutrition Surveillance Program
15.
Discuss the application of birthweight as a health outcome for newborns.: Infants with ideal birth weights are less likely to require intensive care & are healthy in the long run. Where as preterm infants are not fully developed.
16.
How is failure to thrive diagnosed?: organic- diagnosed medical condition; inorganic - not based on medical diagnosis
17.
List the cues that signal an infants readiness for spoon feeding.: watching food being opened in anticipation of eating, tight fists or reaching for a spoon, irritation if feeding is too slow or stops temporarily, playing with food or spoon, slowing intake or turning away when full, stop eating or spit out food when full
18.
List the macro nutrient make up of breast milk?: 7% from PRO, 38% from CHO, 55% from Fat
19.
List the micronutrient make up of cow's milk based formulas.: 9-12% from PRO, 41-43% from CHO, 48-50% from FAT
20.
List the resources available to combat infant mortality.: medicaid, (CHIP) Child Health Initiatives Program, Early Periodic Screening Detection and treatment Program (EPSDT), WIC & CDC, Bright Futures
21.
What are common infant nutritional problems & concerns?: failure to thrive, colic, iron deficiency anemia, constipation, dental caries, food allergies
22.
What are the energy needs from 6 to 12 months old?: 98 kcal/kg/day
23.
What are the energy needs from birth to 6 months old?: 108 kcal/kg/day (range from 80 to 120)
24.
What are the fat needs during infancy?: no restriction on fat, a high need for cholesterol, 55% of calories are fat in breast milk.
25.
What are the key components of motor development?: ability to control voluntary muscles, motor development from top down- controls head first and lower legs last, muscle development is central to peripheral
26.
What are the key components to typical infant development?: motor development, cognitive development, digestive development q
27.
What are the protein needs from 6 to 12 months?: 1.6g/kg/day
28.
What are the protein needs from birth to 6 months old?: 2.2g/kg/day
29.
What does the standard newborn growth assessment AGA stand for?: Appropriate for gestational age
30.
What does the standard newborn growth assessment IUGR stand for?: intrauterine growth retardation; newborn was <10th % wt/age
31.
What does the standard newborn growth assessment LGA stand for?: Large for gestational age; newborn was >90th % wt/age
32.
What does the standard newborn growth assessment SGA stand for?: Small for gestational age
33.
What factors impact cognitive development?: sensorimotor development, adequate nutrient intake, positive social and emotional interactions, genetics
34.
What factors impact the rate of food passage in GI?: Osmolarity of foods or liquids, colon bacterial flora, water & fluid balance in the body
35.
What factors influence calorie needs?: weight & growth rate, sleep/wake cycle, temperature and climate, physical activity, metabolic response to food, health status
36.
What is failure to thrive?: inadequate weight or length gain
37.
What is the most common first food that is considered hypoallergenic?: rice cereal
38.
What is the typical growth pattern of an infant?: newborns double birthweight by 4-6 months and triple it by 1 yr.
39.
What is to be interpreted from the physical growth assessment of infants?: growth reflects nutritional adequacy, health status, economic and environmental adequacy
40.
What warning signs can be indicated from growth data?: lack of weight or length gain, plateau in weight, length, or head circumference for >1 month, drop in weight without regain in a few weeks
41.
Why is it important for infants to demonstrate certain behaviors during the critical period?: necessary for sequential behaviors or developments. if the critical period is missed, there may be difficulty later on.
42.
Why is motor development important to infant development?: influences ability to feed self and the amount of energy expended
