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Specialized cells cells uniquely suited to perform a particular function epithelial tissue glands and tissues covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body connective tissue provides support for your body and connects all its parts nervous tissue transmits nerve impulses throughout the body muscle tissue enables the body to move organ group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions organ system group of organs that work together to perform a specific function homeostasis process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment feedback inhibition Process in which the product or result stops or limits the process. neurons cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system cell body largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm dendrites branching extensions of neuron that receives messages from neighboring neurons axon long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron myelin sheath insulating membrane surrounding the axon in some neurons resting potential electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron action potential a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon threshold the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse synapse location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell neurotransmitters chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons meninges Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid bathes the brain and spinal cord and acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system cerebrum Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary activity cerebellum Second largest part of the brain. controls balance and coordination brain stem structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; includes the medulla oblongata and the pons thalamus relay station for sensory information hypothalamus control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature reflex quick automatic response to a stimulus sensory receptors specialized cells that detect sensory stimuli and convert them into neural impulses pupil the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters lens The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. retina the sensory reception system of the eye; includes rods and cones rods responsible for black and white vision cones color sensitive and respond to bright light cochlea A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. semicircular canals the structures in the ear that are responsible for your sense of balance taste buds structures on the tongue that contain the receptor cells for taste periosteum tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone bone marrow a soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells cartilage strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone ossification the developmental process of bone formation ligaments tissue that connects bone to bone myosin protein that makes up the thick filaments in skeletal muscle cells actin protein that mainly makes up the thin filaments in skeletal muscle cells tendons tissue that connects muscle to bone epidermis the outer layer of the skin keratin tough, fibirous protein melanin dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes dermis Middle layer of the skin hair follicles tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis red blood cells blood cells containing hemoglobin that carry oxygen through the bloodstream white blood cells diease fighting cells in blood hemoglobin An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen. lymphocytes A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections platelet a cell fragment that plays an important part in forming blood clots.