| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Carbohydrates | Compounds that contain C, H, O, Ratio of H to O atoms is 2:1, Contain large amounts of energy stored in their chemical bonds, Sugar ends in -ose |
| Monosaccharides | Atoms can be arranged in several different ways making a different sugar each time (isomers), simple sugars with a molecular formula of C6H12O6, |
| 3 common monosaccharides | glucose, fructose, galactose |
| Disaccharide | double sugar (two monosaccharides) C12H22O11 |
| 3 common disaccharides | sucrose, maltose, lactose |
| Polysaccharides | Many sugars (3 or more monosaccharides) |
| Common Polysaccharides | glycogen, starch Both formed by hundreds of glucose molecules linked together (C6H10O5)n |
| glycogen | found in liver and muscle tissues of animals |
| starch | cellulose found in plants |
| dehydration synthesis | have glucose and fructose, bond them to create water (starts small ends big with water) |
| hydrolesis | have water and sucrose, take out water to have fructose and glucose (starts big with water ends small |
| isomer | same chemical formula, different structure |
| Lactose | (milk) made from glucose + galactose |
| maltose | (in seeds) made from glucose + glucose |
| sucrose | (table sugar ) made from fructose + glucose |
Combine with other sets
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