| Term | Definition |
|---|
| ozone | a molecule of oxygen containing three oxygen atoms, a form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of two. protects us from dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the sun |
| troposphere | the lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature decreases at a constant rate as altitude increases; thinnest layer; where weather occurs; 1 st layer |
| stratosphere | the layer of the atmosphere that is above the troposphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains ozone layer; 2 ond layer |
| mesosphere | the layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increases; coldest layer; where meteors burn up; 3 rd layer |
| thermosphere | The uppermost layer of the earth's atmosphere where temperatures rise rapidly with altitude; just above the mesosphere; hottest layer; where aurora occures; 4th layer |
| summer solstice | On June 21- June 22, it is the longest day and shortest night in the Northern Hemisphere due to the fact that the sun is directly over the tropic of Cancer |
| winter solstice | On December 21-December 22, the shortest day and longest night of the Northern hemisphere due to the fact that the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer |
| autumnal equinox | September 22-23, sun is directly overhead the equator at noon, 12 hour daylight/12 hour night, first day of fall, sun's rays most directly strike the equator, Earth's tilt points at right angle to the sun |
| vernal equinox | On March 21-22, it is when there is an equal number of hours of day and night due to the fact that the sun is directly over the equator., Occurs in March and marks the beginning of spring in the Northern hemisphere |
| heat | the energy transferred from one object to another because of a difference in their temperature |
| temperature | a measure of average kinetic enegy or the energy of motion |
| conduction | the transfer of heat through matter by molecular activity |
| convection | the transfer of heat by mass movement or circulation within a substance |
| radiation | the transfer of heat through waves |
| reflection | when a radiation wave interacts with an object which it cannot pass it bounces off an object |
| scattering | when a radiation wave interacts with an object which it cannot pass it breaks and produces a larger number of weaker rays that travel in different directions |
| greenhouse effect | the heating of earths surfaces and atmosphere from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by the atmosphere |
| isotherm | a line containing points of equal temp |
| albedo | radiation that is reflected off of a surface |
| 78% | %of Nitrogen in atmosphere |
| 21% | % of Oxygen in the atmosphere |
| .93% | % Argon in the atmosphere |
| .039% | % of Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere |
| Rotation | 1 cycle = 1 day, 24 hours; spinning of earth on axis 23 1/2 degrees |
| Revolution | 1 cycle = 1 year, 365 days; earths orbit around sun |
| sun is vertical to equator | Sun's position to Earth on Vernal equinox |
| sun is vertical to latitude 23 1/2 degrees south | Sun's position to Earth on Winter solstice |
| sun is vertical to equator | Sun's position to Earth on Autumnal equinox |
| sun is vertical to latitude 23 1/2 degrees north | Sun's position to Earth on Summer solstice |
| conduction convection radiation | Three types of heat transfer (abc order) |
| from high temperatures to low temperatures | The way heat flows through matter |
| fluids | Where convection takes place (air, water |
| weather | State of the atmosphere at any given time and place |
| climate | Observations of weather over a long period of time in a specific area |
| 0 degrees | Latitude of Equator |
| 23 1/2 degrees north | Latitude of Tropic of Cancer |
| 23 1/2 degrees south | Latitude of Tropic of Capricorn |
| 23 1/2 degrees | Earths tilt |
| yes | do all objects emit radiation at any temperature (answer yes or no) |
| yes | hotter objects radiate more total energy per unit area than colder objects (answer yes or no) |
| yes | the hottest radiating bodies produce the shortest wavelengths of maximum radiation (answer yes or no) |
| yes | objects that are good absorbers of radiation are good emitters as well (answer yes or no) |
| absorbed reflected scattered transmitted | name the four results when radiation strikes an object (abc order and past tense) |
| 30% | what % of the solar energy reaching the outer atmosphere is reflected back to space |
| 50% | what % of the solar energy reaching the outer atmosphere is absorbed by the land and sea |
| 20% | what % of the solar energy reaching the outer atmosphere is absorbed by atmosphere and clouds |
| Carbon dioxide water vapor | what are the major absorbing gasses in the atmosphere ( abc (2)) |
| altitude cloud cover geographic position heating land and water ocean currents | list four factors that contribute to why temperatures vary (abc (5)) |
| land | (fill in the blank) ____heats and cools more rapidly and to higher and lower temperatures than water |
| water | (fill in the blank) land heats and cools more rapidly and to higher and lower temperatures than _____ |
| leeward | where prevailing winds blow from land to ocean |
| windward | where prevailing winds blow from the ocean to the land |
| Earth's heat budget | the division of the solar radiation and what happens to it |
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