Geometry Chapter 3 (Linder)
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 reflexive property | a=a (any number is equal to itself) |
| substitution property | if a=b, then a can be substituted for b in any expression |
| addition property | if a=b, then a+c = b+c |
| subtraction property | if a=b, then a-c = b-c |
| multiplication property | if a=b, then ac = bc |
| division property | if a=b, and c doesnt equal 0, then a/c = b/c |
| coordinate | the points on an infinite number line that are numbered so that to every point there corresponds exactly one real number, and to every real number there corresponds exactly one point. |
| distance | a real number that illustrates betweenness of points |
| ruler postulate | the points on a line can be numbered so that positive number differences measure distances. |
| betweenness of points (definition) | a point is between two other points on the same line iff its coordinate is between their coordinates |
| the betweenness of points theorem | if A-B-C, then AB + BC = AC |
| degree | the unit of measuring angles (created by the Babylonians); each is 1/360 of a circle |
| rotation of rays | all of the positions in which a ray can be of a circle |
| half-rotation | all of the rays that correspond to a semicircular protractor (aka 180 degrees) |
| measure of the angle | the positive difference between the coordinates of the rays |
| protractor postulate | the rays in a half-rotation can be numbered from 0 to 180 so that positive number distances measure angles |
| acute | iff the angle is less than 90 degrees |
| right | iff the angle = 90 degrees |
| obtuse | iff the angle is more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees |
| straight | iff the angle = 180 degrees |
| betweenness of rays (definition) | a ray is between two others in the same half-rotation iff its cordinate is between their coordinates |
| the betweenness of rays theorem | if OA-OB-OC, then angle AOB + angle BOC = angle AOC |
| midpoint of a line segment (definition) | a point that divides the line segment into 2 equal segments |
| bisection of an angle (definition) | a line that divides the angle into two equal parts |
| congruent | "coinciding exactly when superimposed"; divided into two equal parts (which are called this term) e.g. line segments are... when they have equal lengths, or angles are.. when they have equal measures |
| corollary | a theorem that can be easily proved as a consequence of a postulate or another theorem |
| corollary to the ruler postulate | a line segment has exactly one midpoint |
| corollary to the ruler postulate | an angle has exactly one ray that bisects it |
| complimentary angles | iff two angles' sum = 90 degrees |
| complement | each angle of a complimentary angle to the other, found by subracting the other angle from 90 |
| supplimentary | iff two angles' sum = 180 degrees |
| supplement | each angle of a supplimentary angle to the other, found by subtracting the other angle from 180 |
| theorem of compliments of the same angle | compliments of the same angle are equal |
| theorem of supplements of the same angle | suppliments of the same angle are equal |
| opposite rays | when 2 rays point in opposite directions |
| linear pair | two angles are this iff they have a common side and their other sides are opposite rays |
| vertical angles | two angles are this iff the sides of one angle are opposite rays of the other |
| theorem of the angles in a linear pair | the angles in a linear pair are supplimentary |
| theorem of vertical angles | vertical angles are equal |
| perpendicular lines (definition) | two lines are this iff they form a right angle |
| theorem of perpendicular lines | perpendicular lines form four right angles |
| corollary to the definition of a right angle | all right angles are equal |
| theorem of the angles in a linear pair being equal | if the angles in a linear pair are equal, then their sides are perpendicular |
| parallel (definition) | two lines are this iff they lie in the same plane and do not intersect |
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