First Aid 2011 Rapid Review
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271 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma | Actinic keratosis |
| Primary adrenocortical deficiency | Addison's disease |
| Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls | Albright's syndrome |
| Guillain-Barre (inc protein in CSF with only modest inc in cell count) | Albuminocytologic dissociation |
| Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness | Alport's syndrome |
| Goodpastures syndrome | Anti basement membrane antibodies |
| Scleroderma (CREST) | Anticentromere antibodies |
| SLE (type III hypersensitivity) | Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) |
| Pemphigus vulgaris | Anti-epithelial cell antibodies |
| Celiac disease | Anti-gliadin antibodies |
| Drug-induced SLE | Antihistone antibodies |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Anti-IgG antibodies |
| primary biliary cirrhosis | Antimitochondrial antibodies |
| Vasculitis | Antineutrophil antibodies |
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | Antiplatelet antibodies |
| Marfan's syndrome | Arachnodactyly |
| Neurosyphilis | Argyll Robertson pupil |
| Cerebellar tonsillar herniation | Arnold-Chiari malformation |
| Rheumatic fever | Aschoff bodies |
| Wernicke's encephalopathy | Atrophy of the mammillary bodies |
| Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially the promyelocytic type) | Auer rods |
| Sickle cell anemia | Autosplenectomy |
| UMN lesion | Babinski's sign |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | Bamboo spine on x-ray |
| Hyperreninemia | Bartter's syndrome |
| Lead poisoning | Basophilic stippling of RBCs |
| Defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's | Becker's muscular dystrophy |
| LMN CN VII palsy | Bell's palsy |
| Multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM) | Bence Jones proteins |
| IgA nephropathy | Berger's disease |
| Defect in platelet adhesion | Bernard-Soulier disease |
| Sarcoidosis | Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis |
| Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma) | Birbeck granules on EM |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Bloody tap on LP |
| Chronic bronchitis | "Blue bloater" |
| Fibrocystic change of the breast | Blue-domed cysts |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta | Blue sclera |
| Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH | Boot-shaped heart on x-ray |
| Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling 2° to osteophytes) | Bouchard's nodes |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Boutonnière deformity |
| Actinomyces israelii | Branching rods in oral infection |
| Hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease) | "Brown tumor" of bone |
| X-linked agammaglobulinemia | Bruton's disease |
| Posthepatic venous thrombosis | Budd-Chiari syndrome |
| Small/medium-artery vasculitis | Buerger's disease |
| 8:14 translocation; associated with EBV; "starry sky" appearance on histology | Burkitt's lymphoma |
| Lead poisoning | Burton's lines |
| Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis | c-ANCA, p-ANCA |
| Neurofibromatosis | Café-au-lait spots on skin |
| Gas emboli | Caisson disease |
| Duchenne's muscular dystrophy | Calf pseudohypertrophy |
| Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary | Call-Exner bodies |
| Chagas' disease | Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy |
| Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) | Cerebriform nuclei |
| Trypanosome infection | Chagas' disease |
| 1° syphilis (not painful) | Chancre |
| Haemophilus ducreyi (painful) | Chancroid |
| Multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever) | Charcot's triad |
| Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes) | Charcot-Leyden crystals |
| Phagocyte deficiency | Chédiak-Higashi disease |
| Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion | Cherry-red spot on macula |
| Central apnea in CHF and inc intracranial pressure | Cheyne-Stokes respirations |
| Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) | "Chocolate cysts" |
| Predisposition to gastric carcinoma | Chronic atrophic gastritis |
| Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping) | Chvostek's sign |
| DES exposure in utero | Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina |
| Gardnerella vaginitis | Clue cells |
| Osteosarcoma | Codman's triangle on x-ray |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis | Cold agglutinins |
| Hypothyroidism | Cold intolerance |
| secondary syphilis | Condylomata lata |
| Patent ductus arteriosus | Continuous machinery murmur |
| Debranching enzyme deficiency | Cori's disease |
| Chronic hypertension | Cotton-wool spots |
| Measles | Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza + fever |
| Toxic or viral hepatitis | Councilman bodies |
| Herpesvirus | Cowdry type A bodies |
| Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis | Crescents in Bowman's capsule |
| Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia | Crigler-Najjar syndrome |
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns | Curling's ulcer |
| Klebsiella | Currant-jelly sputum |
| Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs) | Curschmann's spirals |
| Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury | Cushing's ulcer |
| DIC | D-dimers |
| Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder..rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia) | Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra |
| Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency) | Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
| Hand-Schuller-Christian disease | Diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull |
| Pasteurella multocida | Dog or cat bite |
| Granuloma inguinale | Donovan bodies |
| Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis | Dressler's syndrome |
| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) | Dubin-Johnson syndrome |
| Deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive) | Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
| Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone) | Eburnation |
| Trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease | Edwards' syndrome |
| Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L2R shunt becomes R2L shunt) | Eisenmenger's complex |
| Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | Elastic skin |
| Superior trunk (C5-C6) brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip") | Erb-Duchenne palsy |
| Lyme disease | Erythema chronicum migrans |
| Proximal tubular reabsorption defect | Fanconi's syndrome |
| Acute cholecystitis | "Fat, female, forty, and fertile" |
| Alcoholism | Fatty liver |
| Asbestosis | Ferruginous bodies |
| Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors | Gardner's syndrome |
| Glucocerebrosidase deficiency | Gaucherfs disease |
| Primary TB | Ghon focus |
| Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia | Gilbert's syndrome |
| Defect in platelet aggregation | Glanzmann's thrombasthenia |
| Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins | Goodpasture's syndrome |
| Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off the floor) | Gowers' maneuver |
| Idiopathic polyneuritis | Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis) | "Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray |
| Chronic progressive histiocytosis | Hand-Schuller-Christian disease |
| Thalassemia major | HbF |
| Sickle cell anemia | HbS |
| Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo) | hCG elevated |
| Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes) | Heberden's nodes |
| G6PD deficiency | Heinz bodies |
| Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs | Henoch-Schonlein purpura |
| Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) | Heterophil antibodies |
| Wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency) | High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) |
| Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis | HLA-B27 |
| Diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells) | HLA-DR3 or -DR4 |
| Neuroblastoma | Homer Wright rosettes |
| Interstitial fibrosis | Honeycomb lung on x-ray |
| Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis | Horner's syndrome |
| Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen) | Howell-Jolly bodies |
| Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant) | Huntington's disease |
| Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala) | Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility |
| 1* adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) | Hyperpigmentation of skin |
| Macrocytic anemia | Hypersegmented neutrophils |
| Conn's syndrome | Hypertension + hypokalemia |
| Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning | Hypochromic microcytosis |
| Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects) | Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
| Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics | Increased uric acid levels |
| Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches) | Intussusception |
| Endocarditis | Janeway lesions |
| Syphilis..overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis | Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction |
| Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality | Job's syndrome |
| AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men) | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| Dynein defect | Kartagener's syndrome |
| Wilson's disease | Kayser-Fleischer rings |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | Keratin pearls |
| Diabetic nephropathy | Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules |
| Bilateral amygdala lesions | Kluver-Bucy syndrome |
| HPV | Koilocytes |
| Measles | Koplik spots |
| Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases | Krukenberg tumor |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | Kussmaul hyperpnea |
| Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin deficit) | Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility |
| HGPRT deficiency | Lesch-Nyhan syndrome |
| Parkinson's disease | Lewy bodies |
| Endocarditis associated with SLE | Libman-Sacks disease |
| Arterial thrombus | Lines of Zahn |
| Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) | Lisch nodules |
| Multiple myeloma | Lytic bone lesions on x-ray |
| Alcoholic liver disease | Mallory bodies |
| Esophagogastric lacerations | Mallory-Weiss syndrome |
| Muscle phosphorylase deficiency | McArdle's disease |
| Appendicitis | McBurney's sign |
| Multiple sclerosis | MLF syndrome (INO) |
| Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenström's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia | Monoclonal antibody spike |
| Hypothyroidism | Myxedema |
| Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease) | Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
| Gout | Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
| Rabies | Negri bodies |
| Alport's syndrome | Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss |
| Alzheimer's disease | Neurofibrillary tangles |
| Sphingomyelinase deficiency | Niemann-Pick disease |
| Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction) | No lactation postpartum |
| CHF | Nutmeg liver |
| Malignant mesothelioma | Occupational exposure to asbestos |
| Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid | "Orphan Annie" nuclei |
| Endocarditis | Osler's nodes |
| CMV | Owl's eye |
| Pancreatic cancer (head) | Painless jaundice |
| Henoch-Schönlein purpura | Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks |
| Bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome | Pancoast's tumor |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Pannus |
| Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion | Parkinson's disease |
| Pyogenic osteomyelitis | Periosteal elevation on x-ray |
| Benign polyposis | Peutz-Jeghers syndrome |
| Penile fibrosis | Peyronie's disease |
| CML (may sometimes be associated with AML) | Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl ) |
| Pick's disease | Pick bodies |
| Progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's | Pick's disease |
| Emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency]) | "Pink puffer" |
| Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia | Plummer-Vinson syndrome |
| Gout (MP joint of hallux) | Podagra |
| Minimal change disease | Podocyte fusion |
| Dry beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency) | Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema |
| Guillain-Barre syndrome | Polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection |
| Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly | Pompe's disease |
| Hemangioma | Port-wine stain |
| Anterior cruciate ligament injury | Positive anterior "drawer sign" |
| Vertebral tuberculosis | Pott's disease |
| Glioblastoma multiforme | Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement |
| Ewing's sarcoma | Pseudorosettes |
| Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor) | Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis |
| 2* syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Rash on palms and soles |
| Recurrent vasospasm in extremities | Raynaud's syndrome |
| Acute glomerulonephritis | RBC casts in urine |
| Cystic fibrosis | Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | Red urine in the morning |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | Reed-Sternberg cells |
| Chronic bronchitis | Reid index (increased) |
| Leydig cell tumor | Reinke crystals |
| Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis | Reiter's syndrome |
| von Hippel.Lindau disease | Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas |
| Acute toxic/viral nephrosis | Renal epithelial casts in urine |
| Pseudogout | Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent |
| Coarctation of aorta | Rib notching |
| Endocarditis | Roth's spots in retina |
| Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia | Rotor's syndrome |
| Multiple myeloma | Rouleaux formation (RBCs) |
| Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF) | S3 |
| Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis | S4 |
| Yolk sac tumor | Schiller-Duval bodies |
| Alzheimer's disease | Senile plaques |
| Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma | Sézary syndrome |
| Postpartum pituitary necrosis | Sheehan's syndrome |
| Neisseria meningitidis | Shwartzman reaction |
| Gastric carcinoma | Signet-ring cells |
| Down syndrome | Simian crease |
| MEN type IIa | Sipple's syndrome |
| Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis | Sjögren's syndrome |
| Crohn's | Skip lesions |
| Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) | Slapped cheeks |
| SLE | Smith antigen |
| CLL | "Smudge cell" |
| Giant cell tumor of bone | Soap bubble on x-ray |
| Membranous glomerulonephritis | Spike and dome on EM |
| Benign juvenile melanoma | Spitz nevus |
| Endocarditis | Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails |
| Burkitt's lymphoma | Starry-sky pattern |
| Scarlet fever | "Strawberry tongue" |
| Turner's syndrome | Streaky ovaries |
| Crohn's disease | String sign on x-ray |
| Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis | Subepithelial humps on EM |
| Rubella | Suboccipital lymphadenopathy |
| Actinomyces israelii | Sulfur granules |
| Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)--vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis | Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia |
| Aortic valve stenosis | Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) |
| Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation) | t(8;14) |
| Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid) | t(9;22) |
| Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation) | t(14;18) |
| 3° syphilis | Tabes dorsalis |
| Familial hypercholesterolemia | Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles) |
| Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae) | Thumb sign on lateral x-ray |
| Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis | Thyroidization of kidney |
| Gout | Tophi |
| Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | "Tram-track" appearance on LM |
| Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm) | Trousseau's sign |
| Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach | Virchow's node |
| Pulmonary embolism (triad = blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation) | Virchow's triad |
| Neurofibromatosis with café-au-lait spots | von Recklinghausen's disease |
| Osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor") | von Recklinghausen's disease of bone |
| PICA thrombosis | Wallenberg's syndrome |
| Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia | Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome |
| Chronic end-stage renal disease | Waxy casts |
| Acute pyelonephritis | WBC casts in urine |
| Acute cystitis | WBCs in urine |
| MEN type I | Wermer's syndrome |
| Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii | Whipple's disease |
| Hepatolenticular degeneration | Wilson's disease |
| Lupus nephropathy | "Wire loop" appearance on LM |
| Berry aneurysm--associated with adult polycystic kidney disease | "Worst headache of my life" |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Xanthochromia (CSF) |
| Sjögren's syndrome | Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
| Upper GI diverticulum | Zenker's diverticulum |
| Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
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