Digestive, Excretory & Reproductive System
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 esophagus | food tube connecting the mouth to the stomach |
| amylase | enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds between the sugar monomers in starches |
| peristalsis | rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach |
| stomach | large muscular sac that continues the mechanical digestion of food |
| chyme | mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting stomach muscles |
| small intestine | digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place |
| pancreas | gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid |
| liver | large organ just above the stomach that produces bile, a fluid loaded with lipids and salts |
| villus | folded projection that increases the surface area of the walls of the small intestine |
| large intestine | colon; organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it |
| kidney | organ that removes urea, excess water and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter |
| ureter | tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder |
| nephron | small independent blood-filtering unit in the renal cortex of the kidney |
| glomerulus | small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron |
| bowman's capsule | cup-shaped structure in the upper end of a nephron that encases the glomerulus |
| filtration | process by which fluid from the blood filters into bowman's capsule in the kidney's |
| reabsorption | process by which most of the material removed from the blood at bowman's capsule makes its way back into the blood |
| urethra | tube through which urine and semen are released from the body |
| seminiferous tubule | one of the hundreds of tiny tubules in the testes in which sperm are produced |
| epididymis | structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm fully mature and are stored |
| vas deferens | tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra |
| follicle | cluster of cells surrounding a single egg in the human female reproductive system |
| ovulation | process in which an egg is released from the ovary |
| fallopian tube | one of the two fluid-filled tubes in human females through which an egg passes after its release from an ovary |
| uterus | organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop |
| menstruation | last phase of the menstrual cycle, during which the lining of the uterus along with the blood and unfertilized egg, is discharged through the vagina |
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