| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Old Immigrants | 1607-1880; The English, German, Irish, Scotch-Irish (Protestant) |
| New Immigrants | 1880's; Italian, Eastern Europeans; Chinese |
| Transcontinental Railroad | 1862-1869; built by chinese |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | passed in 1882; renewed for another 41 years until finally repealed |
| 14th Amendment | anyone born on US soil can become a citizen |
| Pre-Famine | 1820-1844; came to the US for new start; Boston was 75% Irish; singles came over at this time period |
| Post-Famine | 1855-1930; Irish Immigration doubled after famine; by 1863 there were more than 30 Catholic churches in NYC; families came over moreso; |
| Domestic Famine | 1844-1855 |
| Irish Immigrants | had less value that African Americans; women worked in factories and as maids, men worked in labor; came over in singles, which scared Natives more; afraid they were going to steal blood lines; manuel labor |
| Catholic Church | post-famine; 1785 the first church was built in NYC; 1863 there were more than 30 Catholic Churches in NYC |
| George Wasington Plunkett | saw the Political Boss system as honorable; nationality Irish |
| Alfred E. Smith | politician who was defeated multiple times; inspired other; nationality US; ethnicity was Irish-American |
| John F. Kennedy | only President who wasn't Protestant; he was the first Irish Roman Catholic to win; gave hope to others |
| John L. Solvan | Irish Boxer whose ethnicity defined him; refuse to fight African americans |
| New York City Draft Riot | 1863; Irish killed Blacks because they feared for their jobs; prove they were better than Blacks; burned Draft buildings |
| Sangvereines | German clubs |
| Turnvereines | Gymnastics |
| German Immigrants | came over as families; spread out; various religions; very intelligent; not seen as a big threat because they added to Capitalism |
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