Chapter 4: Civil Liberties & Public Policy
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Created by:
MillCreekDarrenLee on May 8, 2012
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 civil liberties | basic freedoms |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments to the constitution |
| 1st amendment | freedom of press, speech, religion, and assembly |
| Barron V. Baltimore | a case holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government and not the states and cities |
| Roe V. Wade | Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional |
| Webster V. Reproductive Health Services | upheld laws requiring notify parent or judge before getting an abortion. |
| Rust V. Sullivan | public funds for planned parenting can't mention abortion. |
| Planned Parenthood V. Casey | loosen standards on evaluating restrictions on abortion. |
| Engel V. Vitale | state officials violated the first amendment when they wrote a prayer to be recited by New York's schoolchildren. |
| Prior restraint | government prevents material from being published. But, this is unconstitutional in the US |
| Near V. Minnesota | the case holding that the first amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint. |
| Ashcoft V. ACLU | "virtual" child pornography is protected by the first amendment |
| Habeas Corpus | right that safeguards a person from illegal imprisonment, it literally means "you should have the body" in Latin. Require person be brought to court before he/she detained legally. |
| Exclusionary Rule | rule that evidence, no matter how incriminating, cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained |
| US V. New York | "take title" provision of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act violates the Tenth Amendment and exceeds Congress's power under the Commerce Clause |
| Mapp V. Ohio | excludes unconstitutionally obtained evidence from use in criminal prosecutions |
| 8th Amendment | excessive bail or fines, no cruel or unusual punishments |
| Gregg V. Georgia | The imposition of the death penalty does not, automatically, violate the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment. |
| Miller V. California | Defining obscenity by holding that community standards |
| Symbolic speech | nonverbal communications, like burning a flag |
| Webster V. Reproductive Health Services | upheld laws requiring notify parent or judge before getting an abortion. |
| Libel | of false or malicious statements danger to a person's reputation. |
| Hustler Magazine V. Falwell | Parodies of public figures which could not reasonably be taken as true are protected against civil liability |
| Osborne V. Ohio | The First Amendment allows states to outlaw the mere possession, as distinct from the distribution, of child pornography |
| NY Times V. Sullivan | established guidelines for determining whether public officials and public figures could win damage suits for libel |
| Jus soli | Everyone born on US soil, regardless of parents, is a US citizen |
| Jus sanguins | anyone born to US citizen overseas is a citizen |
| De jure segregation | by law, made illegal by Brown V. Board |
| Affirmative Action | programs for minorities supported by the government as a means of providing equality under the law |
| 13th Amendment | outlaw SLAVERY |
| 14th Amendment | Equal Protection Clause, Citizenship Clause, & Due Process Clause (cannot deprive life, liberty, and property) |
| 15th Amendment | can't deny vote based on race or color |
| Adarand Constructions V. Pina | held that racial classifications, imposed by the federal government, must be analyzed under a standard of "strict scrutiny," |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools |
| Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education | busing of students to promote integration in public schools |
| Korematsu V. US | exclusion order leading to Japanese American Internment was constitutional. |
| 5th Amendment | Grand Juries, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process, Eminent Domain |
| Lemon V. Kurtzman | Supreme Court decision that say aid to church-related schools must: |
| 19th Amendment | WOMAN SUFFRAGE |
| 8th Amendment | Cruel & Unusual Punishment |
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