Fashion, Music, Art, Theatre, Literature
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counrylover57 on May 8, 2012
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Maddie, and Aj's Card set
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66 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 "Common Sense," 1776 | pamphlet written by Thomas Paine which called for indep from GB; he opposed monarchy (called King George a "pharaoh"), favored republican gov't; offered defense of republican principles, helped overcome the loyalty many still felt for the monarchy & mother country; he used biblical analogies & references to illustrate his arguments. |
| The Hudson River School (mid-1800s) | was a group of artists led by Thomas Cole, who painted landscapes emphasizing America's natural beauty; was America's 1st coherent school of art. |
| The Last of the Mohicans, 1757 | novel written by James Fenimore Cooper which was part of a series of novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales; he was the first writer to feature uniquely American characters as he created the 1st Western heroes; his novels gave expression to the concept of the "noble savage." |
| The Liberator, 1831 | newspaper written & pub by William Lloyd Garrison: called for the "immediate & uncompensated emanicpation of the slaves." A famous quote: "Let the Southern oppressors tremble... I will be as harch as Truth & as uncompromising as Justice... Iam in earnest - I will not retreat a single inch-and I WILL BE HEARD!" |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin, 1872 | novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe which strenghtened Northern opposition to slavery. It was second only to the Bible in sales. |
| The Jungle, 1906 | muckraking novel which exposed the appalling conditions in the Chicago meatpacking industry; written by Uton Sinclair and brought about the passage of the Pure Food & Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act of 1906 |
| Lost Generation of the 1920s | Key writers included Sinclair Lewis & F. Scott Fitzgerald; got its name because they were disillusioned w/American society during the 20s. Criticized middle-class conformity & materialism |
| Harlem Renaissance, 1920s. | key writers included Langston Huges, Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, Josephinew Baker, & John Weldon Johnson. Created distinctive African American literature & expressed pride in their culture. |
| Jazz | Black musicians such as Joseph ("Joe") King Oliver, W. C. Handy, & "Jelly Roll" Morton this form of music which was esp popular w/youth whom desired to break from tradition. |
| Rock N' Roll 1950's | Key musicians included Little Richard, Chuck Berry, & Elvis! It was inspired and strongly influenced by Black musical traditions, especially rhythm & blues. |
| Separatists | Puritans with ambitions of creating a completely new Christian church outside of the Anglican Church, rather than reforming the Anglican Church |
| antinomianism | The idea that faith alone (not good deeds) is necessary for salvation. |
| Quakers | Pacifist Christians with highly radical beliefs. |
| mercantilism | Economic policy that looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength. |
| Navigation Acts | English-implemented laws stating that 1.Trade to and from the colonies could only be carried by English or colonial crews on English or colonial ships. 2.All goods imported into the colonies, except for some perishables, could pass only through ports in England. 3.Specific (or "enumerated") goods from the colonies could only be exported to England. |
| triangular trade | Trade between the British colonies, West Africa, and the West Indies |
| Poor Richard's Almanack | Collection of Benjamin Franklin's aphorisms and advice, updated annually from 1732 to 1757. |
| Phillis Wheatley | African American poet |
| salutary neglect | Pre-French and Indian War policy that Britain would essentially ignore its colonies |
| John Dickinson, Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania | Argued that no taxation without representation was an essential tenet of British law and as such Britain should not be able to levy taxes on its colonies without the consent of their representative assemblies. |
| Declaration of Independence | Document declaring the colonies to be independent |
| Abigail Adams | Attempted to get her husband John to be more "generous and favorable" in the case of the ladies |
| Unitarianism | Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity |
| Eli Whitney | United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825) |
| Bill of Rights | A formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1-10, and in all state constitutions. |
| Horace Greeley | An American newspaper editor and founder of the Republican party. His New York Tribune was America's most influential newspaper 1840-1870. He used it to promote the Whig and Republican parties, as well as antislavery and a host of reforms. |
| "Know-Nothings" | Nickname of the "American political party", nativist party against Catholic and Irish immigrants. |
| Egalitarian | A person who believes in the equality of all people and a social society |
| "Democratization" | The spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative (elected by the people). |
| Whigs | Political party that favored a national bank, protective tariffs and eventually the abolition of slavery |
| Log Cabin Campaign | The name given to William Henry Harrison's campaign for the presidency in 1840, symbolized that WHH was a common man. |
| knickerbocker group | group in New York that wrote literature and enabled America to boast for the first time of a literature that matched its magnificent landscapes |
| transcendentalism | rejection of locke's theory taht all knowledge comes to the mind through the senses. this belief is based on all senses having an inner light |
| american romanticism | democratic republic could produce art and literature as great as that of Europe |
| ralph waldo emerson | popular lecture "The American Scholar" -Nature Essays |
| Henry David Thoreau | Walden and On Civil Disobedience |
| manifest destiny | belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean |
| donner party | California settlers and pioneers who were snow bound in Nevada, they resorted to cannibalism |
| Edgar Allen Poe | master of short stories; 'The Raven' |
| Singer | improved the Sewing machine |
| minstrel show | stage entertainment consisting of songs, dances, and comic scenes performed by white actors in blackface makeup; originated in the nineteenth century; reinfroced prejudices of the working-class |
| margaret fuller | journalist who advocated women's rights --Women in the 19th Century is her major work |
| hawthorne | United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes (1804-1864 'The Scarlet Letter' |
| nativism | being anti immigration because of the different religion |
| sojorner truth | former slave who traveled north making moving speeches expressiong her hatred towards slavery |
| frederich douglass | the greatest of all abolitionists; North Star newspaper; first black foreign minister |
| National Women's Suffrage Association | Cady Stanton racist and Susan Anthony - more radical/opposed to the 15th Amendment and focused on suffrage |
| American Womens' Suffrage Association | Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe - focused on broader reforms - alcohol, gambling, etc (more moderate - largely Upper Class women) |
| greenbacks | Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war |
| "Fifty-Niners" | group of people that rushed to Pennsylvania when petroleum was discovered there in 1859 |
| government girls | ladies in Washington who filled jobs left in D.C. when the men went to fight |
| Reconstruction | the process of reintegrating the South into the Union, which throughout the years consisted of military reconstruction, freeing blacks, virtual re-enslavement of blacks, and determining how much of a state needed to be loyal before acceptance into the Union |
| Freedmen's Bureau | March 3, 1865 - intended to provide food, clothing, medical care, & education to blacks; headed by General Oliver O Howard; very corrupt = forty acre tracts of land were supposed to be confiscated from Confs. & given to blacks =local officials kept land & expelled blacks; the bureau = quite effective in education, however (200,000 blacks = educated) |
| Black Codes | Nov 1865 - MS passed the first law after reintegrated into the Union by Johnson's 10% rule - aimed to force blacks virtually into servitude & had dire penalties for disobeyers; blacks = not allowed to vote or hold jury office; = sharecropping |
| Carpetbaggers | Northerners who had come to the S to gain profit at the end of the Civil War |
| Thomas Nast | famous political cartoonist who helped the illiterate to understand (esp.) Boss Tweed's shady actions |
| The Gilded Age | phrase coined by Mark Twain - signaled a wobbly equilibrium of politicians; a very economic-looking age on the outside but very corrupt on the inside |
| Gospel of Wealth | Carnegie's opinion that the wealthy were rich so that they could produce the most beneficial results for the community |
| Social Darwinism | idea that humans were participating in "survival of the fittest" and that the poor= poor because of own shortcomings & rich= rich because of natural selection |
| Gibson Girl | 1890s - magazine image of an independent & athletic 'new woman' which became the ideal of the age |
| Social Gospel | applied Christian values to social problems, esp. injustices (poverty, etc.); preached by Walter Rauschenbusch & Washington Gladden first in 1882 |
| Jane Addams | influenced by Social Gospel est. Hull House to aid immigrants; won Nobel Peace prize in 1931 |
| American Red Cross | 1881 - founded by Clara Barton; provided emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education inside US |
| Ida B. Wells | 1892 - led a protest against lynching in S, & promoted blacks rights in S; National Assoc. of Colored Women in 1896 |
| Florence Kelley | 1893 - leader of Hull House's operation to successfully lobby for an IL anti-sweatshop law protecting women workers & outlawing child labor |
| Flapper | a "new breed" of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz. Some smoked, drank, danced, voted, wore make-up, and went to petting parties |
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