| Term | Definition |
|---|
| militia | civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army |
| apportionment | Distribution of representatives among the states based on the population of each state |
| dual federalism | Fed. & state govts each have defined responsibilities w/i their own sphere of influence; "layer cake" federalism |
| nationalism | a feeling of loyalty to one's own land and people |
| cooperative federalism | stresses federalism as a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among various levels of government. |
| interstate commerce | trade that is conducted between states |
| fourteenth amendment | no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States |
| civil liberties | freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment |
| block grants | channel federal money through the states for general puposes, such as law enforcement |
| revenue sharing | Federal sharing of a fixed percentage of its revenue with the states. |
| categorical grant | Federal grants for specific purposes define by law |
| grant-in-aid | for every dollar the national government spends, the state must put up a specified amount. |
| full faith and credit clause | the clause in Article IV of the U.S. Constitution that requires states to give full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the other states |
| extradition | the surrender of an accused or convicted person by one state or country to another (usually under the provisions of a statute or treaty) |
| interstate compact | An agreement among two or more states. Congress must approve most such agreements. |
| reciprocity | granting of privileges in return for similar |
| delegated powers | Powers specifically given to the federal government by the US Constitution, for example, the authority to print money. |
| implied powers | Powers assumed by the federal government, that are assumed to be necessary and proper to carry out its delegated powers into effect. |
| prohibited powers | the powers that are denied to the federal government, the state government, or both; also called restricted powers |
| concurrent powers | powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments |
| reserved powers | powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states |
| inherent powers | Powers the Constitution is presumed to have delegated to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community |
| ex post facto law | a law passed after the fact |
| habeas corpus | right of people to be safe from unfair imprisonment |
| strict construction | way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take |
| loose construction | belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit |
| mcculloch v. maryland | Happened in 1819 when court ruled that the gov. possessed the implied power to create a national bank |
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