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Josef Stalin Dictator of the Soviet Union in 1929. What kind of state is Soviet Union Totalitarian State Totalitarian State A nation in which a single party controls the government and every aspect of lives. Collective Farming Ordered peasants to give land, crops, and animals to government. Executed those who couldn't provide. Benito Mussolini Italy's dictator promised to restore prosperity and order-like Roman Empire. Duty to conquer other countries. Fascism state. October 1922 Mussolini threatened to over throw Italy's government. Ended freedom of press and banned all parties. Fascism A political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty. Adolf Hitler Dictator of Germany. Fascism state-Nazism. Believed Germans were a "master race" destined to rule over inferior nations. Antisemitism Hostility and hatred towards Jews. Japan in 1936 Militarists took over country Hirojito Emperor of Japan. Tojo Prime minister and head general of Japan. Military Aggression Italy, Germany, and Japan. Aggression A warlike act by one country against another w/o a cause. Japan 1931 Japanese army seized Manchuria, China. Japan 1937 Takes over Nanjing and treats China brutally. Italy 1935 Mussolini attacks Ethiopia and North Africa Haile Selassie Ethiopia's emperor calling for aid from League of Nations. Germany 1936 Hitler occupies Austria Munich Conference 1938 European leaders meet in Munich Germany wanting to appease Hitler. Appeasement Policy of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war. Munich Pact Gave Hitler a small part of Czechoslovakia-No further territory. Germany March 1939 Germany takes over ALL of Czechoslovakia Lend Lease Act Allowed U.S. to lend or lease supplies to Britain and other nations fighting Germany. U.S. September 1940 U.S. passed first ever peace time draft Tuskegee Airmen African American air unit under the command of black officers Atlantic Charter Roosevelt+Churchill least of goals for post war Europe. Emphasized right of self-governance and established Internationale peace organ. Japan July 1941 Japan invades French colonies of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. U.S. bans exports to Japan. December 7, 1941 Japan launches surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. 2,400 American killed. December 8, 1941 U.S. declares war on Japan. Axis Power Germany, Italy, Japan, and 6 others. Allied Powers Britain, France, Soviet Union, U.S., China, and 45 others. Total War Conflict involving not just armies but entire nations. Germany 1942 Controlled most of Western Europe Soviet Union Dec. 1941 Soviet halts German troops. Battle of Stalingrad German/Soviet battle that lasted for moths but ended in a Soviet victory after Germans were driven out. Erwin Rommel German general who fought in North Africa Battle of Eli Alamein Battle in Egypt where British troops drove Rommel out of Egypt U.S. November 1942 U.S. troops land in North Africa Dwight D. Eisenhower General who led U.S. troops in North Africa Japan after Pearl Harbor Bombs the airfields in the Philippines U.S. Aid to the Philippines Under General Douglas MacArthur withdraws troops to Bataan Peninsula of Philippines. Forced to surrender Bataan Death March Japan captures 70,000 troops. Forced to walk 65 miles to prison camp. Battle of Coral Sea May 1942- battle over pacific with aircraft attacking ships. U.S. halted Jap. advance Battle of Midway U.S. victory over Japanese attempt to take Midway island.