Years of Crisis
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Created by:
kelseylombard on May 9, 2012
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Albert Einstein | This 20th century German scientist revolutionized the way scientists thought about space, time and matter, the most notable being his theory of relativity. |
| Sigmund Freud | Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis |
| Manhattan Project | the code name for the secret US project set up in 1942 to develop an atomic bomb |
| Charles Lindbergh | United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974) |
| Jazz | musical form that developed in the United States in the early 1900s, blending African rhythms and European harmonies |
| Lost Generation | Group of American writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often chose to flee to Europe |
| Amelia Earhart | first woman aviator to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic (1928) |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | Was part of both the jazz age and the lost generation. Wrote books encouraging the flapper culture, and books scorning wealthy people being self-centered. |
| Genocide | systematic killing of a racial or cultural group |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | 32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII |
| New Deal | Franklin Roosevelt's economic reform program designed to solve the problems of the Great Depression |
| Francisco Franco | Spanish fascist general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975) |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | German philosopher whose ideas were adopted by Hitler to rationalize Nazi actions |
| Mein Kampf | Book writen by Hitler while he was in prison. Where he outlines his beliefs: Germans are a superior race, The Treaty of Versailles treated Germany unfairly, and that a crowed Germany needed the lands of Eastern Europe and Russia |
| Adolf Hitler | This fascist dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces. |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs. |
| Surrealism | An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images |
| Weimar Republic | Was the democratic government which ruled over Germany form 1919 to 1933. Was Germany's first democracy and it failed miserably. Overthrown by Nazi Party |
| Gestapo | the secret police force of the German Nazi state, notorious for its terrorism and brutality |
| functionalism | William James's school of thought that stressed the adaptive and survival value of behaviors |
| Charles Dawes | a financial man from America who helped to create the plan to get Germany out of bankrupt situation |
| T.S. Eliot | American who became a British citizen; won the Nobel Peace prize in literature; wrote poetry and drama |
| existentialism | a philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices and actions |
| Pablo Picasso | a Spanish artist, founder of Cubism, which focused on geometric shapes and overlapping planes |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | an agreement between 15 nations outlawing war; eventually 48 other nations joined the pact; had no way of enforcing peace |
| Dawes Plan | A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success. |
| inflation | increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money |
| flappers | carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts; symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of these women as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom. |
| fascism | a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition |
| Nazism | Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s. |
| Munich Conference | 1938 conference at which European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand it's territory any further. |
| appeasement | practice of giving in to an aggressor nation's demands in order to keep peace |
| Third Reich | The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 1945 |
| Kristallnacht | (Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews. |
| Maginot Line | Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion. Stretched from Belgium to Switzerland. |
| Great Depression | the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s. |
| Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786) |
| Neville Chamberlin | British prime minister who appeased Germany in order to avoid war but he stepped down before the war had started |
| Ernest Hemingway | wrote A Farewell to Arms, The Old Man and the Sea, and The Sun Also Rises; American writer and journalist; veteran of WWI, belongs to literary movement called 'The Lost Generation' |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII |
| Black Shirts | a private army under Mussolini who destroyed socialist newspapers, union halls, and Socialist party headquarters, eventually pushing Socialists out of the city governments of Northern Italy. |
| relativity | Einstein's theory that all aspects of the physical universe must be defined in relative terms |
| Gertrude Stein | American writer; referred to the young Americans emerging from WWI as the 'Lost Generation' |
| cubism | an artistic movement in France beginning in 1907 that featured surfaces of geometrical planes |
| Nuremberg Laws | Laws which stripped the Jews of their rights |
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