FINAL SOC Chapter 11&12
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Politics | methods and tactics intended to influence government policy;policy related attitudes, and activities. |
| Government | The formal, organized agency that exercises power and control modern society, especially through the creation and enforcement of laws |
| Power | The ability to impose ones will on others |
| Authority | The legitimate, non coercive exercise of power |
| Dictatorship | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) |
| Totalitarianism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) |
| Monarchy | *Absolute *Constitutional |
| Monarchy | A government ruled bu a king or queen, with succession of rulers kept within the family. |
| Absolute | Absolute MONARCHS typically have complete authority over their subjects, much like a dictator |
| Constitutional | Constitutional MONARCHS are royal figures whose powers are defined by a political charter and limited by a parliament or other governing body. |
| SocIndex | 13th century Avg number of hrs worked annually by an adult male laborer in United Kingdom was 1620 while in the 20th century it was 1673 In the US we take 13 days off of work in 2005 while in Italy they take 42 |
| hunting and gathering society | people who were in gathering societies which had to be highly mobile,relocating for food and weather conditions. |
| Horticultural societies | were different in that they were based on the domestication of animals,farming and generating a surplus of resources. |
| Agricultural Revolution | In the social and economic changes,including population increases,that followed from the domestication. |
| Industrial revolution | The rapid transformation of social life resulting from the technological and economic developments that began with the assembly line,steam power, and urbanization. |
| information revolution | The recent social revolution made possible by the development of the Microchip in the 1970's,which brought about vast improvements in the ability to manage information |
| Economic systems | *capitalism *socialism *communism *existence of each system in reality |
| Capitalism | an economic system based on open competition in a free market, in which individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit and have an emphasis on supply and demand. |
| Socialism | An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange,collective distribution of goods. |
| Communism | a political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country;the most extreme form of socialism, because all citizens work for the government and there are no class distinctions. |
| service work | those whose work involves providing a service to either businesses or individual clients, customers, or consumers rather than manufacturing goods |
| Knowledge work | Jobs that primarily involve cognitive activity versus physical activity. |
| resistance strategies | *individual *collective |
| individual resistance | can range from the fairly benign, like using work time to surf the web,to the truly dangerous,like sabotaging the assembly line. |
| collective resistance | an organized effort to change a power hierarchy on the part of a less powerful group in society |
| union | an association of workers who bargain collectively for increased wages and benefits and better working conditions |
| Globalization | the cultural and economic changes resulting from dramatically increased international trade and exchange in the late twentieth and early twenty first centuries. |
| Transnational corporation | Are another part of the economy these firms purposefully transcend national borders so that their products can be manufactured,distributed,marketed and sold from bases all over the world |
| outsourcing | Contracting with an outside company to provide a service or product instead of providing it from within the organization. |
| Sweatshop | a workplace where workers are subject to exploitation,including below-standard wages,long hours,and poor working conditions that may pose health or safety hazards |
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