BIO 5C MENDELIAN GENETICS II (LECT. 16)
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11 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Complete Dominance | - A type of inheritance in which the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype and the phenotype of the dominant homozygous genotype are INDISTINGUISHABLE - Occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are IDENTICAL |
| Incomplete Dominance | - The phenotype of F1 hybrids (of homozygous parents) is somewhere BETWEEN the the phenotypes of the two parental varieties - A type of inheritance in which the phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is INTERMEDIATE between the phenotypes of the two homozygous genotypes |
| Codominance | - Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in SEPARATE, DISTINGUISHABLE ways - BOTH ALLELES are FULLY expressed in the heterozygote |
| Pleiotropy | - Genes that have MULTIPLE PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS - Responsible for the multiple symptoms of certain hereditary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell disease - The situation in which a single gene has MULTIPLE phenotypic effects |
| Sickle-Cell Disease | - Caused by the SUBSTITUTION of a SINGLE AMINO ACID in the HEMOGLOBIN PROTEIN in RED BLOOD CELLS - Symptoms include physical weakness, pain, organ damage, and even paralysis - Likely evolved as part of human resistance to malaria |
| Epistasis | - A gene at one locus ALTERS the PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION of a gene at a second locus - A phenomenon in which a gene at one locus influences the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus |
| Polygenic Inheritance | - QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS are those that vary in the population along a continuum - QUANTITATIVE VARIATION usually indicates ____, an ADDITIVE EFFECT of TWO or MORE GENES on a SINGLE PHENOTYPE - Skin color in humans is an example of this |
| Pedigree | - Family tree that describes the interrelationships of parents and children across generations - Inheritance patterns of particular traits can be traced and described using this |
| Cystic Fibrosis | - Most common lethal genetic disease in the US - Its alleles results in DEFECTIVE or ABSENT CHLORIDE TRANSPORT CHANNELS in PLASMA MEMBRANES - Symptoms include mucus buildup in some internal organs and abnormal absorption of nutrients in the small intestine |
| Norm of Reaction | - Genotype generally not associated with a rigidly defined phenotype, but rather with a RANGE of PHENOTYPIC POSSIBILITIES due to environmental influences - Broadest for POLYGENIC CHARACTERS |
| Gene Idea | The concept of particulate heritable factors transmitted according to simple rules of chance |
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