AP US History
Order by
69 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Voting Rights Act | 1965 act by Johnson which guaranteed the right to vote to all Americans, and allowed the federal government to intervene in order to ensure that minorities could vote |
| Fair-housing Laws | Anti-discrimination legislation designed to ensure equal opportunity in housing to all home buyers. |
| Pendleton Act | (1883): Did away with the "spoils system"/patronage and made the hiring of federal employees merit based. Established the Civil Service Commission (CSC). In response to Garfield's assassination by angry guy who didn't get a gov. job. |
| Stalwarts | Republican in the 1870s who supported Ulysses Grant and Roscoe Conkling; they accepted machine politics and the spoils system and were challenged by other Republicans called Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform. |
| Warsaw Pact | The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. |
| Truman Doctrine | 1947 President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | 1957 policy of the US that it would defend the middle east against attack by any communist country, used especially against Arab states-> said to leave Lebanon alone |
| civil rights commission | set up by the Civil Rights Act and was made to investigate violations of civil rights and authorized federal injunctions to protect voting rights |
| reagonomics | economic policy of president Ronald Reagon; known as "trickle down" economics or supply-side economics; based on major tax cuts for the rich from which money would "trickle down" to the poor and stimulate the economy/the job market; initially led to recession but later was beneficial; widened gap between rich and poor |
| Shay's Rebellion | 1786 MA farmers were losing farms b/c could not pay debts in hard currency. Wanted: end to farm foreclosures, end to imprisonment for debt, relief from oppressively high taxation, increased circulation of paper money. Showed Articles of Confederation were too weak. |
| Constitution (Ratified 1788) | Provisions: separation of powers (3 branches), Congress declares war, slavery is legal, Electoral College (no direct popular presidential election), can impeach President, presidential State of the Union message, ratifying Constitution, Federalism, bicameral legislature (Great Compromise), list powers of Congress, 3/5 Compromise (1 slave= 3/5 citizen) |
| Provisions NOT in Constitution | 2-term limit (A 22), universal manhood suffrage (A 15), presidential cabinet, direct election of senators (A 17), freedom of speech + press (A 1), right to speedy public trial (A 6), political parties |
| Revolution of 1800 | Jefferson (Democratic Republican) wins election, ends Federalist Decade. 1st peaceful transfer of power (between political parties) |
| King Philip's War | 1675-1676 Wampanoag chief Metacom aka King Philip unites Indians to attack New England. Virtually ends Native American resistance in NE. |
| Glorious Revolution | 1688 King James II in England united NE colonies into the Dominion of New England. Despised for trying to assert control over the colonies. Overthrown and replaced with William and Mary. |
| Zenger case | 1735 John Peter Zenger brought to court for criticizing NY's royal governor. He was acquitted, encouraging freer speech. |
| Kentucky + Virginia Resolutions | Jefferson and Madison's response to Alien and Sedition Acts. Promoted states' right to nullify federal laws considered unconstitutional (1799) |
| Albany Plan of Union | 1754 Benjamin Franklin's plan for an intercolonial government: system for recruiting troops + collecting taxes for common defense. Did not happen b/c colonies too divided. |
| Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania | John Dickinson writes: Parliament can regulate commerce, but NO Taxation Without Representation! |
| Dartmouth College vs. Woodward | 1819 case in which the Marshall court ruled that states could not interfere with private contracts |
| McCullough vs. Maryland | Court case that said a state could not tax a national bank thus increasing the power of the national government, Necessary and Proper clause (Elastic Clause) |
| War of 1812 | Causes: impressment of seamen, interference with commerce, British aid to Native Americans against colonists. Results: contributed to demise of Federalist Party, nationalism, promoted industrialization. President=Jackson |
| American System | Henry Clay wanted: internal improvements in transportation to promote trade + unite country, tariffs to protect domestic industries + fund internal improvements. South benefited least because they were agricultural, not industrial. |
| Jay's Treaty | 1794 Britain will trade w/ Americans and the British leave northwest territory. Solve impressment issue. |
| Pinckney Treaty | 1795 Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans. Moved Spanish Florida's border south. |
| William Lloyd Garrison | 1830s Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. He supported women's rights, causing it to split into factions. |
| American Colonization Society | 1820s-1830 Worked to return freed slaves to west Africa. Led mainly by middle class men + women. |
| Sarah Moore Grimké | One of the 1st women to publicly support abolition and women's rights |
| Civil Rights Act of 1875 | Equal accommodations in public places for blacks + whites. Prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection. Was not enforced. |
| Civil Rights Cases of 1883 | Grouping of several cases which overall ruled most of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional, weakening blacks' rights. |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | 1896. Separate but equal |
| Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka | 1954. Separate is inherently unequal. |
| Atlanta Compromise Speech | 1895 Booker T. Washington's speech: blacks should seek economic advancement, not political, so that white respect them. |
| Exodusters | African Americans who moved from the post-Reconstruction New South to Kansas |
| Ghost Dance | Native American sacred ritual with which they hoped to bring back the buffalo and make White civilization vanish. 1890 Led to Battle of Wounded Knee massacre b/c US army feared an uprising. |
| Frederick Jackson Turner | 1893 Frontier Thesis: American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems. |
| Taylorism | Scientific management developed by Frederick W. Taylor; sought to develop a disciplined factory labor force by eliminating wasted motion. |
| Knights of Labor | 1869-1886 Established by Terence V. Powderly. All unskilled + semi-skilled laborers. Wanted laborers to own the industries, wanted to eliminate conflict between labor and management (no violence). Ended by Haymarket Square riot blame. |
| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) | aka Wobblies. "An injury to one is an injury to all." United ALL laborers, wanted to create "One Big Union." Embraced class conflict idea + endorsed violence. Collapsed during WWI. |
| American Federation of Labor (AFL) | Leader= Samuel Gompers. Skilled workers in craft unions. Wanted higher wages, shorter hours, better working conditions. Did not encourage violence. |
| Realism | Prevalent theme in late 1800s literature. |
| Interstate Commerce Act | 1887 law that made a federal Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate unfair railroad practices |
| Initiative Referendum Recall | Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. |
| Federal Reserve Act | 1913 passed by Wilson. Sparked by the Panic of 1893 and 1907, the 1913 Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System, which issued paper money controlled by government banks. |
| Anthracite Coal Strike | 1902 United Mine Workers of America strike in eastern Pennsylvania which threatened to cause an energy crisis requiring the federal government (TR) to intervene on the side of labor (first time). Made currency and credit more elastic. |
| Jane Addams | Founded Hull House, Chicago, IL. Settlement houses to help the urban poor. |
| Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) | Leader: Carry Nation |
| Ida B. Wells | African American civil rights + women's rights advocate. Tried to pass anti-lynching law. |
| Birth of a Nation | 1915 1st film. Resurgence of KKK. |
| Yellow journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. Prevalent during Gilded Age |
| Dollar diplomacy | Foreign Policy idea by Taft to make countries (in Asia + Latin America) dependent on the U.S. by heavily investing in their economies. Achieved little success. |
| Open Door Policy | 1899 Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay, the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade. |
| Zimmerman telegram | Telegram sent by Germans to encourage a Mexican attack against the United States. Intercepted by the US in 1917. Promised to return Mexican cession territories in return. |
| Committee on Public Information | Spread WWI support propaganda. Americans bought war bonds, Germans= barbarians. |
| International Monetary Fund | a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies |
| Senator Henry Cabot Lodge | Opposed Wilson's 14 points. Suggested a literacy test for all immigrants into the country. |
| Palmer Raids | 1919-1920 Against suspected communists + anarchists. Government agencies disregarded civil liberties such as search + seizure without warrants. |
| Dawes Plan | 1920s The American plan to loan money to Germany, who would pay their reparations to France and Britain, who would pay back their debt to America, which created a win-win for everyone, and made they people happy and thought that peace was possible. |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | were two italian born american laborers and anarchists who were tired convicted and executed via electrocution in 1927 in Ma for the 1920 armed robbery. it is believed they had nothing to do with the crime |
| Marcus Garvey | founder of United Negro Improvement Association ;; promotes resettlement of American blacks to own "African homeland", sponsored stores & businesses to keep $ in blacks' pockets ;; inspiration for Nation of Islam |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff | 1930 Raised tariffs, triggered decline in world trade by 40 % in 3 yrs. Contributed to Great Depression. |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) | 1932 by Hoover to make loans to banks, insurance companies, and railroads, it was intended to provide emergency funds to help businesses overcome the effects of the Depression. It was later used to finance wartime projects during WW II. |
| Civil Conservation Corps (CCC) | gave jobs to young people in thier 20s and 30s. gave people money. RELIEF |
| National Recovery Administration (NRA) | (1) perhaps the most important element of the 1st New Deal, this agency established a forum in which business & government officials met to set regulations for fair competition; (2) industries obeyed these regulations from 1933 to 1935, when the the agency was declared unconstitutional |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | Restricted production during the New Deal by paying farmers to reduce crop area. |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | June 1933. Innovative attempt at regional planning. Series of dams in seven states on the Tennessee river to control floods, ease navigation, and produce electricity. Endures to this day. Relief and Reform |
| Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) | Proposed the 27th Amendment, calling for equal rights for both sexes. Defeated in the House in 1972. |
| Phyllis Wheatley | 1st important African american writer. Abolitionists later point to her as proof that they are intellectually equal |
| Stimson Doctrine | 1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria |
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