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what is the nervous system made of cells what must the cells of the nervous system be able to do transmit messages what is a neuron a nerve cell what cant be replaced or regenerated a neuron what does the cell body of a neuron contain nucleus and organelles what do dendrites do receive messages from other cells what do axons do sends information away from cell what are action potentials electrical signals that move down the axon what is the axon terminal the end of an axon what does an axon terminal do communicates with glands muscles and other neurons what are axons of many neurons covered with a lipid layer what is the lipid layer called myelin sheath what is the myelin sheath made of Schwann cells where do nerve impulses pass from neuron to neuron a synapse what is the small space in between the two cells called synaptic cleft what are chemicals that can cause an electrical response in another neuron neurotransmitters what are nerve impulses electrical signals that can jump between Schwann cells what are the spaces between myelin called nodes of Ranvier what are the two parts of the nervous system central and peripheral what does the central nervous system contain brain and spinal cord what does the peripheral nervous system contain cranial and spinal nerves what does the brain do oversees daily operations of the body and interprets vast amounts of information how much does the brain weigh 3 pounds how many neurons does the brain contain 100 billion how many hemispheres does the cerebrum have 2 what are the hemispheres of the cerebrum connected by corpus collosum what are the functions of the brain interpreting impulses, initiating voluntary movements, storing information as memory, retrieving stored information, reasoning, and it is the seat of intelligence and personality what is the cerebral cortex folded outer layer of the cerebrum what do the folds in the cerebrum allow more surface area where is the diencephalon below the cerebrum and linked to the brain stem what does the diencephalon do acts as a relay center for information entering and exiting the brain what does the diencephalon contain thalamus and hypothalamus what does the thalamus do directs incoming messages to cerebral cortex what does hypothalamus do maintains homeostasis what are the 3 sections of the brain stem midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata what does the midbrain do relays visual and auditory information what does the pons do relays communications between cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum what does the medulla oblongata do controls the heart rate and respiration what does the cerebellum do coordinates muscle action what do humans use to detect changes in the environment sense organs what are the 5 sense organs eyes, nose, ears, mouth, skin what is a sensory receptor neuron that detects stimuli what are the two main functions for the ear hearing and maintaining balance what does the auditory canal connect to tympanic membrane what is another name for the tympanic membrane ear drum what does the Eustachian tube do opens in the throat to help equalize pressure what does the vibrating membrane do cause the bones in the ear to vibrate what do the semicircular canals do help maintain balance what is the definition of the eye specialized organ that detects light and transmits signals to brain what is the pathway of light in the eye cornea, pupil, lens where is the image formed in the eye retina what does the retina contain photoreceptors, rods, and cones what does the rod do in the eye gives general shape when does the rod respond in the eye in dim light what do cones respond to in the eye bright lights what is the job of the cornea in the eye gives color and sharp images what does the retina do sends image down optic nerve to brain