| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Habitat | the specific environment in which populations lives, as characterized by its biotic and abitoic features |
| Biotic | living |
| Abiotic | chemical and physcial environment; things that affect species |
| Preditation | =.-; one organism will benefit from the relationsionship; one organism will be harmed |
| Example of Preditation | lion and gazelle |
| Batesian mimicry | one organism looks like another organism |
| Mullerian mimicry | 2 organisms look alike; both sets are potable (ex: dont taste good) |
| Competition | -,-; interaction between organisms in which both organisms are harmed to some extent |
| Example of Competition | protozoins (both declined in numbers when they lived together) |
| Interspecific Competition | Competition between species |
| Competitive Exclusion Principal | population of 2 or more species cannot co-exist if they rely on the same limiting resources and exploit them in the same way |
| Fundemental Niche | The range of conditions and resources that a population can possibly tolerate and use |
| Realized Niche | the range of conditions and resources that a population actually uses in nature |
| Ecological Niche | the resources a population uses and the environmental conditions it requires over its lifetime |
| Commensalism | +,0; something will benefit, something will not be affected at all |
| Example of Commensialism | Remora fish and shark |
| Mutalism | +,+; Both species benefit from the relationship |
| Example of Mutalism | Lichens (fungus live on algae; algae photosynthesize; algae has a home and fungus gets energy |
| Paracitism | =,-; two organisms live together, one deriving its nourishment at expense of the other |
| Example of paracitism | Hookworm (Necator Americanus) |
| Community | populations of all species that occupy the smae area |
| Ecosystem | group of biological communities interacting with their shared phsycial environments |
| Producers | Autotrophs (plants) |
| Consumers | Heterotrophs (feed of producers) |
| Food chain | What eats what; not realisitc |
| Food web | Much more realisitc than food chain |
| Food | building material (grow, mate, mature), source of energy |
| Trophic level | a group of organisms united by obtaining their energy from the same part of the food web of a biolgoical communtiy |
| About trophic level | one level of trophic level eats next level down; goes by relationship from distance to autotroph |
| Productivity | look at trophic levels theoretically and practically; how mcuh food is availibe to next trophic level |
| Gross Primary Production | rate at which organic matter is produced by photosynthesis |
| Primary production | actual ammount of product |
| Net Primary Production | GPP - Respiration; rate at which organic matter is going to be incorporated into body of organism |
| Respiration | eneryg need for the plant to aspire to live |
| What affects NPP? | influx of solar energy, temperature, nutrient availiblity, rainfall, maturity, and human impact |
| Standing crop | ammount of vegitation at one time |
| Conservation Ecology | scientific study of how to preserve diversity of life |
| reasons for extintion | rare species & habitat loss |
| Rare species | vulnerable, at top of food chain; very unique, special environments |
| Habitat loss | destruction, reduction, fragmentation |
| Corridors | strips of land that connect one path to another; vital; allow speicies to travel |
| Edge effect | around perimeter of forest edge; strip of land altered from exterior and interior |
| Effects of edge effect | changes climate, solar radiation, wind and nutrients |
| Genetic drift | Random fluctuations in allele frequncies as a result of chance events; usually reduces genetic variation in a population |
| Population bottleneck | event that occurs when a stressful factor reduces population size greatly and elimates some alleles from a population |
| Founder effect | population that was established by just a few colonizing individuals has onl a fraction of the genetic diveristy seen in the population from which it was dervied |
| Directional selection | individuals near one end of the phenotypic spectrum have the highest relative fitness |
| Stabilizing selection | natural selection in which individuals expressing intermediate phenotypes have the highest relative fitness |
| Disruptive selection | natural selection in which extreme phenotypes had higher relative fitness than intermediate phenotypes |
| Logic | does not always lead to truth; exercise of the mind |
Combine with other sets
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