Ch. 5 Vocabulary
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 energy levels | the fixed energies an electron can have |
| quantum | amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level |
| quantum mechanical model | the modern description, primarily mathematical, of the behavior of electrons in atoms |
| atomic orbital | a mathematical expression describing the probability of finding an electron at various locations; usually represented by the region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron |
| electron configurations | the arrangement of electrons of an aotm in its gournd state into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms |
| aufbau principle | the rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first |
| pauli exclusion principle | an atomic orbitual may describe at most two electrons, each with oppostie spin direction |
| hund's rule | electrons occupry orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number or electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible |
| amplitude | the height of a wave's crest |
| wavelength | the distance between adjacent crests of a wave |
| frequency | the number of wave cycles that pass a given point per unit of time; frequency and wave length are inversely proportional to each other |
| hertz | the unit of fresqunecy, equal toone cycle per second (Hz) |
| electromagnetic radiation | energy waves that travel in a vacuum at a speed of 2.998 * 10^8' |
| spectrum | wavelengths of visible light that are sparated when a beam of light passes through a prisml range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation |
| atomic emission spectrum | the pattern formed when light passes through a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it contains |
| ground state | the lowest possible energy of an electron described by quantum mechanics |
| photons | a quantum of light; a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that inertacts with matter similarly to particles |
| heisenberg uncertainty principle | it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time |
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