England Test
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Constitutional Monarcy | monarchy limited in its power by a constitution. |
| Act of supremacy | Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534. |
| Act of succession | this made Anne Boleyn's children legitimate heirs to the English throne |
| Divine right of kings | The belief that God gives monarchs the right to rule |
| Parliament | the lawmaking body of British government |
| Privy council | A body of 30 to 40 advisers appointed by and responsible solely to king of England; became first agency of colonial supervision |
| House of lords | Upper house of Parliament, for nobles and bishops |
| House of commons | One of the houses of Parliament including wealthy landowners and rich business leaders that represent the middle class and are elected to office. |
| Puritan | This was one of the reforms in England in which the leaders wanted all Catholic elements in the Church of England eliminated |
| Protestant | A Christian who denies the authority of the Pope and holds the right of special judgment. |
| Catholicism | Religion headed by the pope; worship is centered in the gospel of Jesus Christ and the sacraments. |
| Tudor dynasty | After War of the Roses; Henry VII, Arthur; Henry VIII; Mary; Edward Elizabeth. |
| Stuart dynasty | After Queen Elizabeth Tudor's death in 1603, the Stuart Line of rulers came. Started with James I, King of Scotland. (Cousin of Elizabeth.) Then came Charles I, his son. Charles II. Then James II. Then William of Orange. |
| Babington plot | Queen Elizabeth I was plotted to be assinated by her cousin Mary Queen of Scots and has her beheaded for it |
| Gunpowder plot | A conspiracy in 1605 in England to blow up James I and the Houses of Parliament to avenge the persecution of Catholics in England |
| Oliver Cromwell | English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator. He was puritan. |
| Thomas more | English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded |
| Guy Fawkes | English conspirator who was executed for his role in a plot to blow up James I and the Houses of Parliament (1570-1606) |
| Philip II | King of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I |
| Ferdinand | King of Aragon; married Isabella to create stronger unitied nation in Spain. Father of Catherine of Aragon. |
| Isabella | Heir to the throne of Castile, an active princess that married Ferdinand. Mother of Catherine of Aragon. |
| Catherine of Aragon | Queen of England that could not produce a male heir for Henry VIII. Henry's first wife of 22 years. |
| The war of the roses | The war between the Lancaster ( red rose) and the York (white rose) families, who both had claim to the throne. |
| Henry VII | The first Tudor king that worked to establish a strong monarchical government and ended the private wars of nobles in England. He also raised taxes on nobles to reduce their wealth and build his army. |
| Court of star chamber | The court established by Henry VII, it enforced torture to be used to force nobles to confess for something. |
| Arthur tudor | Eldest son of Henry Tudor the VII married Catherine of Aragon died and was succeeded by brother Henry VIII |
| Mary tudor | She was the devout Catholic daughter of Catherine of Aragon, daughter of Henry VIII. She served as queen after the brief reign of Edward VI. She turned England back to Catholicism, by persecuting and executing hundreds of English Protestants. |
| Anne Boleyn | The second wife of Henry VIII and mother of Elizabeth I |
| Cardinal Campeggio | Messenger from pope to possibly help with divorce (does not work out) |
| Jane Seymour | Queen of England as the third wife of Henry VIII and mother of Edward VI (1509-1537) |
| Anne of Cleves | King Henry VIII's forth wife, was an arranged marriage for political reasons (she was a German princess) and was divorced for her deeply dissappointing physical appearance as soon as he saw her. |
| Catherine Howard | Queen of England as the fifth wife of Henry VIII who was accused of adultery and executed (1520-1542). Cousin of Anne Boleyn. |
| Catherine Parr | Queen of England as the 6th wife of Henry VIII (1512-1548). She outlived him. |
| Martin Luther | I got 95 thesis but the pope aint one |
| Edward VI | (1547-1553) King Henry VIII's only son. Sickly, and became King at 9 years old. Since he wasn't capable of governing his country the Protestant church was soon brought in through his advisors Cromwell and Cranmer. |
| Lady Jane Grey | Ruled 9 days before being beheaded by Mary the 1st. Called the "Nine Day Queen". She was chosen because Edward wanted an Anglican heir. |
| Elizabeth I | Tudor Queen of England. Succeeded Mary I in 1558 and ruled until 1603. In addition to leading the defeat of the Spanish Armada and developing England into a world power, she strengthened Protestantism. Daughter of Henry VIII. Did not get married, and was the last Tudor |
| Mary Queen of Scots | Catholic relative to Protestant Queen Elizabeth I of England. She allegedly plotted with Spain's Philip II to overthrow Elizabeth and reassert Catholicism in England. Elizabeth had her beheaded. |
| James I | King of England (1603-1625) and of Scotland as James VI (1567-1625). The son of Mary Queen of Scots, he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England. His belief in the divine right of kings and his attempts to abolish Parliament and suppress Presbyterianism in Scotland created resentment that led to the English Civil War. |
| Charles I | King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649 |
| Charles II | King of England and Scotland and Ireland during the Restoration (1630-1685) |
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