| Term | Definition |
| countour lines | all points are same elevation |
| countour intervals | elevation change beween major countour lines |
| major countour lines | darker or bolder line at a regular interbal, labeled with elevation |
| fall line | perpendicular to countour lines |
| hill | closed rings of countour lines that get succesively smaller towards the top of the hill |
| valley | streched out groove formed by water. high ground on three sides. level ground with low elevation at bottom where water is found. u or v shaped where closed end points upstream to higher elevation |
| ridge | sloping line of high ground. u or v shaped where closed end points away from high ground |
| depression | low point in ground surrounded by high ground on all sides. closed countour lines with hatchures pointing inward toward low ground |
| concave | close together at top, widely spread at bottom |
| convex | widely spread at top, close together at bottom |