| Term | Definition |
| hills | depicted by close ranges of contour lines that get successively smaller towards the top |
| valley | stretched out groove in the land that starts with high ground on three sides and usually has level ground of a lower elevation at its bottom where the water is found. |
| ridge | sloping line of high ground. contour lines tend to form a U or V shaped with closed end point away from high ground |
| depression | low point, completely surrounded by high ground |
| concave | slope depicted by contour lines that are close together at top and get wider towards bottom |
| convex | widely spaced towards top and close towards bottom of slope |