FINAL - Study Guide
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 prejudice | A pre-judgment or opinion formed without facts. |
| stereotype | put into a category because of similarity, but not necessarily having sameness |
| interdependence | the dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world |
| discrimination | an act of unfair treatment directed against an individual or a group because of difference |
| aquifer | an underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water |
| artifacts | objects made and used by early humans |
| migration | the movement of people relocating |
| erg | huge area of shifting sand dunes in the Sahara |
| irrigation | The bringing of water to crop fields by means of canals and ditches. |
| delta | an area of land formed by deposits at the mouth of a river |
| atoll | a ring of islands around a shallow central lagoon |
| strait | a narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water |
| lagoon | shallow pool of water surrounded by reefs, sandbars, or atolls |
| archipelago | group of islands |
| desalinization | process of removing salt from ocean water to make it drinkable |
| cultural diffusion | the process of spreading new knowledge and skills to other cultures |
| megalopolis | huge urban area made up of several large cities and nearby communities |
| famine | a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death |
| hydroelectric power | electricity generated by flowing water |
| nuclear energy | power made by creating a controlled atomic reaction |
| intensive cultivation | growing crops on every available piece of land |
| permafrost | permanently frozen ground |
| tsunami | a giant wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor |
| alluvial plain | an area of fertile soil left by river floods |
| monsoons | seasonal winds that blow steadily from the same direction for months |
| cuneiform | Sumerian writing made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool into clay tablets |
| fellahin | Farmers in Egypt who work on small plots of land that they rent form landowners |
| cartographer | map maker |
| currency | anything used or traded for goods, money |
| serfs | slave-like farmers that could be bought or sold with the land (feudal times) |
| cottage industry | home or village-based industry with people supplying their own equipment |
| climate | predictable pattern of weather conditions over a period of time |
| nomads | people who move with herds of animals |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| polytheism | belief in many gods |
| winter solstice | day with fewest hours of sunlight |
| urban | area within the city |
| suburban | area surrounding the city |
| developed country | those countries having a lot of technology and manufacturing |
| developing country | a country that has low industrial production and little modern technology; working toward industrialization |
| absolute location | The exact position of a place on the earth's surface. |
| relative location | location of one place based on nearness to another place |
| push factor | a factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region |
| pull factor | a factor that draws or attracts people to another location |
| traditional economy | an economy based on tradition and customs; type of work may be passed down from one generation to another |
| command economy | An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy |
| market economy | economic system where individuals own businesses and may profit from what they sell. Based on supply and demand. |
| mixed economy | system combining characteristics of more than one type of economy, elements of both capitalism (free market) and command (Communism) |
| constitutional monarchy | form of government in which the monarch's powers are limited by a constitution |
| dictatorship | government in which one person or a small group holds complete authority |
| direct democracy | a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives. |
| absolute monarchy | A monarchy with unlimited power |
| representative democracy | citizens vote for representatives who make and enforce the laws. US form of government |
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