Industrial Revolution
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pbphillips on May 10, 2012
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Quiz 5/11/12
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chartist Movement | A voting reform that gave all men the right to vote by secret ballot, which also ended property qualifications. Started the routine of annual parliamentary elections. |
| Guiseppe Garabaldi | Italian nationalist that led the "Red Shirts" and united southern Italy; Sword of Italian Unification |
| Factory Act of 1833 | Act that stated the following: (1) No child could be employed until the age of 9. (2) Employees between the ages of 9 and 12 could work upto 9 hours a day. (3) Employees between the ages 12 and 18 could work upto 12 hours a day. |
| Textiles | Industry revolved around making cloth; includes cotton gathering, spinning, and weaving. Before Industrial Revolution, they were woven by hand. After Industrial Revolution, they were made using a machine. |
| Communism | an economic and political system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions (businesses, etc.); advocated by Karl Marx |
| Victor Emanuel II | the first king of unified Italy |
| Industrial Revolution | the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation, especially in England from about 1750 to 1850 |
| Nationalism | love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it |
| Proletariat | a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages; the working class |
| Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? | (1) Entrepreneurs (2) Workers (3) Markets (4) Transportation: a. Internal (canal) b. External (harbors) (5) Resources: Iron Ore and Coal (6) Government supported business |
| Giuseppe Mazzini | Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872); soul of Italian Unification |
| Wilhelm I | He was proclaimed Kaiser of the German Empire by Otto von Bismarck, his prime minister. |
| Ned Ludd | organization of workers who wanted to preserve their jobs; they destroyed machines |
| Laissez Faire | "let the people do as they choose" |
| Factory System | production of goods in a factory through the use of machines and a large number of workers; goods are made faster, cheaper, and uniformed |
| Enclosure Movement | The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century; permitted scientific farming; caused farmers to move to the city to find jobs |
| Count Camillio Cavour | mind of Italian unification |
| Otto von Bismarck | German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united; opposed individual freedoms |
| Socialism | form of government in which all businesses are owned by the government |
| Reform Bill of 1867 | extended voting rights to workers |
| Reform Bill of 1884 | extended voting rights to rural areas |
| Domestic System | production of goods made by hand in the home |
| Charles Townshend | discovered crop rotation |
| Jethro Tull | developed a seed drill that planted seeds in straight rows |
| Robert Blakewell | pioneered new methods in animal breeding that produced more and better animals and more milk and meat |
| Flying Shuttle | James Kay; Permitted textile weavers to produce fabric |
| Spinning Jenny | James Hargraves; allowed up to 120 spindles of thread to be spun |
| Water Frame | Richard Arkwright; permitted the production of a pure cotton fabric |
| Power Loom | Edmund Cartwright; weaved thread into cloth |
| Steam Engine | James Watt; portable source of power |
| Puddling Process | Henry Cort; produced purer iron, also developed a rolling mill that continuously shaped molten metal into many forms (ex. rails) |
| Cotton Gin | Eli Whitney; Removed seed from cotton plants |
| Steam Locomotive | George Stephenson; a locomotive powered by a steam engine |
| Bessemer Process | Henry Bessemer; process in which steel was produced faster, stronger, and cheaper |
| Steamboat | Robert Fulton; made water travel faster |
| Telegraph | Samuel F. B. Morse; made communication faster |
| Adam Smith | believed in Laissez Faire; author of WEALTH OF NATIONS |
| Thomas Malthus | English economist; Stated that population tends to increase more rapidly than food supplies; author of PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY |
| David Ricardo | English economist who argued that the laws of supply and demand should operate in a free market; author of PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY |
| Utilitarianism | The greatest good for the greatest number; majority rules |
| Jeremy Bentham | author of THE PRINCIPLE OF MORALS AND LEGISLATION; believed in utilitarianism |
| John Stuart Mill | Utilitarian; called for reform to correct problems in industrialization in which workers should work together and form unions |
| Utopian Socialists | group that wanted to create and ideal society where there would be no poverty and all people would be treated equally |
| Robert Owen | Founded a successful utopian socialist community named New Landmark in Scotland where high wages were earned and goods were sold at low prices. |
| Charles Fourier | Believed that poverty would be abolished if workers worked in harmony and did the jobs that best suited them. He set up communities in France and the U.S., but all failed. |
| Karl Marx | founder of modern communism; author of THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO; believed in classless societies where everyone would shere the wealth |
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