Clinical Procedures Test 2
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 AUSCULTATION | the act of listening to body sounds, typically with a stethoscope, to assess various organs throughtout the body |
| BRUIT | an abnormal sound or murmur heard on auscultation of an organ, vessel, or gland |
| CLUBBING | abnormal enlargement of the distal phalanges associated with cyanotic heart disease or advanced chronic pulmonary disease |
| COLONOSCOPY | a procedure in which a fiberoptic scope is used to examine the large intestines |
| ELECTROCARDIOGRAM | a graphic record of electrical conduction throught the heart |
| EMPHYSEMA | the pathologic accumulation of air in the alveoli, which results in alveolar destruction & overall oxygen deprivation in the lungs, the bronchioles become plugged with mucus & lose elasticity |
| GAIT | the manner or style of walking |
| HEMATOPOIESIS | the formation & development of blood cells in the red bone marrow |
| INTERCELLULAR | a term referring to the area between cells |
| INTRACELLULAR | a term referring to the area within the cell membrane |
| MANIPULATION | movement or exercising of a body part by means of an exrernally applied force |
| MASTICATION | chewing |
| MURMUR | an abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart that may or may not have a pathologic origin it is associated with valve disease or a congenital heart defect |
| NODULES | small lumps, lesions, or swellings that are felt when the skin is palpated |
| PALPATION | the use of touch during the physical examination to asses the size, consistency, & location of certain body parts |
| PERISTALSIS | the rhythmic contraction of involuntary muscles lining the gastrointestinal tract |
| SCLERA | the white part of the eye that forms the orbit |
| TRANSILLUMINATION | inspection of a cavity or organ by passing light through its walls |
| TRAUMA | physical injury or a wound caused by an external force or violence |
| VASOCONSTRICTION | contractions of the muscles lining blood vessels, which narrows the lumen |
| ATRIA | the two upper chambers of the heart |
| ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE (AV NODE) | the part of the cardiac conduction system between the atria & the ventricles |
| BUNDLE OF HIS | specialized muscle fibers that conduct electrical impulses from the AV node to the ventricular myocardium |
| CARDIAC ARREST | a condition in which cardiac contractions stop completely |
| CARDIOVERSION | the use of electroshock to convert an abnormal cardiac rhythm to a normal one |
| DEFIBRILLATOR | a machine that delivers an electroshock to the heart through electrodes placed on the chest wall |
| ECTOPIC | originating outside of the normal tissue |
| INFARCTION | an area of tissue that has died from lack of blood supply |
| ISCHEMIA | decreased blood flow to a body part or organ, caused by constriction or blockage of the supplying artery |
| MYOCARDIAL | pertaining to the heart muscle |
| SINOATRIAL NODE (SA NODE) | the pacemaker of the heart it is located in the right atrium |
| VENTRICLES | the two lower chambers of the heart |
| THE CARDIAC CYCLE | includes all the events that occur in the heart during one single heartbeat |
| POLARIZATION | Resting state of the myocardial wall No electrical activity in the heart Recorded on the ECG as a flat line |
| DEPOLARIZATION | Contraction phase The electrical system of the heart stimulates the myocardium |
| REPOLARIZATION | Is the resting state after depolarization The myocardium must return to a resting state before it can be electrically stimulated again |
| ALIQUOT | a portion of a well-mixed sample removed for testing |
| ANALYTE | the substance or chemical being analyzed or detected in a specimen |
| ANTICOAGULANTS | chemicals added to a blood sample after collection to prevent clotting |
| CAUSTIC | capable of burning, corroding, or damaging tissue by chemical action |
| CYTOLOGY | the study of cells using microscopic methods |
| DILUENT | a liquid used to dilute a specimen or reagent |
| EXUDATES | fluids witha gihg concentration of protein and cellular debris that have escaped from the blood vessels & have been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces |
| HEMOLYZED | a term used to describe a blood sample in which the red blood cells have ruptured |
| PRESERVATIVES | substances added to a specimen to prevent deterioration of cells or chemicals |
| REFERRAL LABORATORY | a private or hospital-based lab that performs a wide variety of tests, many of them specialized physicians often send specimens collected in the office to these places for testing |
| SPECIMEN | a sample of body fluid, waste product, or tissue that is collected for analysis |
| CULTURE & SENSITIVITY (C&S) | a procedure performed in the microbiology lab in which a specimen is cultured on artificial media to detect bacterial or fungal growth, followed by appropriate screening for antibiotic sensitivity |
| CYSTOSCOPY | visual examination of the urinary bladder using a fiberoptic instrument |
| FILTRATE | the fluid that remains after a liquid is passed through a membranous filter |
| METABOLITE | the product of the metabolism of a substance, such as a drug |
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