1.
5 organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
2.
absorption of water: large intestine
3.
accessory organ that releases many enzymes into the small intestine: pancreas
4.
accessory organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands
5.
accessory organs of the moth: salivary glands
6.
an important substance in preparing fats for digestion. made in the liver but stored by the gallbladder: bile
7.
chemical digestion: millions of microscopic gastric glands which release substances into the stomach which make mucus as well as acid which activates pepsin which begins the digestion of protein
8.
digested food that leaves the stomach: chyme
9.
enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates: amylase
10.
enzyme made by the pancreas that breaks down fat into fatty acids: lipase
11.
enzyme made by the pancreas that breaks down proteins: trypsin
12.
enzyme made by the stomach cells that breaks down proteins: pepsin
13.
function of large intestine: remove water from undigestible material
14.
function of the loop of henle: section of nephron tube which water is conserved and the volume of urine minimizes
15.
how kidneys maintain homeostasis: remove waste products from the blood, maintain blood ph, and regulate the water content of the blood and blood volume
16.
makeup of food as it enters the stomach: nutrient free- water, cellulose, and undigestible material
17.
makeup of urine: urea, excess salts, and water
18.
mechanical digestion: stomach muscles contract to mix around the stomach fluids and food which makes chyme
19.
muscular contractions that bring food to the stomach: peristalsis
20.
no modern day function: appendix
21.
order which fluid passes: kidney, collecting duct, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
22.
relationship between liver, bile, and gallbladder: liver makes bile which dissolves and disperses into the droplets of fat found in fatty foods. bile is stored in the gallbladder
23.
renal cortex vs. renal medulla: renal medulla is inner part of the kidney while the outside is the renal cortex. nephrons are located in renal cortex except for their loops of henle which descend into the renal medulla
24.
role of liver in excretion: takes up amino acids released into bloodstream and converts them into other useful compounds producing nitrogen wastes. these wastes are quickly turned into urea
25.
section of the small intestine where chemical digestion takes place: duodenum
26.
sections of the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed into circulation: jejunum, ileum
27.
structure and function of villi: villi are fingerlike projections that cover folded surfaces of the small intestine. These provide an enormous surface area for the absorption of nutrient molecules
28.
surface specializations of the small intestine that increase the surface area available to absorption: villi
29.
three functions of saliva: moistens the food and makes it easier to chew, helps the passage of food through the digestive system, starts the process of chemical digestion (amylase)
