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Spatial pertaining to space on or near Earth's surface. Absolute Location the exact position of an object or place (e.g. longitude and latitude) Relative Location the position of a place or activity in relation to other places or activities Site the physical characteristics of a place Situation the relative location of a place/activity Toponym place name; name given to a portion of the Earth's surface Scale the size of an area from local to global Physical Attributes natural landscape Cultural Attributes cultural landscape Built Landscape the part of physical landscape that represents material culture Sequent Occupance successive habitation of same area over time Environmental Determinism physical environment caused by humans Possibilism theory that the environment may set limits but humans have the ability to adjust to their environment Spatial Interaction the movemnet and flow involving human activity Accessibilty opportunity for contact/interaction from a given point or location Connectivity directness of routes linking pairs of places; all tangible and intangible means of connection and commnication betwee places Network areal pattern of sets of places and routes connecting them along which movement can take place Distance Decay the eventual disappearance of an important phenomenon with inccreasing distance from its origin Frisction of Distance measure of the restricting effect of distance on spatial interaction ; greater the distance, greater the friction Diffusion process of the spreading of a feature/trend from one place to another over time Time Space Compression influence on the rate of expansion diffusion of an idea , observing that the spread or acceptance of an idea is usually delayed as distance from the source of the innovation increases Hearth region from hich innovative ideas originate/begin Relocation the spread of a feature/trend through the bodily movement of people from one place to another Expansion the spread of a feature/trend among people from one area to another in a "snowballing" process Hierarchical the spread of a feature/trend from one key person or node of auhority or power to other persons or placesq Contagious rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature/trend through out a population Stimulus the spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected Distribution the arrangment of something accross Earth's surface Density Arithmetic the total number of people divided by the total land area Physiological the number of people per unit of area of arbale land Dispersed/Scattered rural settlement patteren in which farms are isolated instead of clustered villages Clustered/Agglomerated rural settlement in which farms, buildings of each family are situated close to each other and field surround the settlement Pattern Linear, centralized, random Region an area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features (functional, formal, vernacular) Formal Region an area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics Functional Region nodal; ab area organized from one centralized point/node/focal point Vernacular perceptual; an area that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity Map a 2 dimensional, fla reppresentation of Earth's surface or a portion of it Map Scale distance on a map relative to the distance on Earth Distortion area, distance, direction,shape Projection the type of system used to ransfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map; 3 projections Grid N. and S. Poles, latitude, parallel, equator, longitude, meridian, prime meridian, international date line Latitude the numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance east north and south of the equator Longitude the numbering system used to indicated the location of the meridian drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west the prime meridian Equator an imaginary east to west linethat encircles the globe halfway through the north and south poles Meridian line of longitude Prime Meridian an imaginary line passing through the Royal Observstory Greenwich ,England serving by agreement as the 0 degree line of longitude International Date Line an arc that follows from 180 degrees longitude ; when crossed towards the east, the clock moves back 24 hours; cross towards the west and the clock moves forward one whole day Map Types thematic, statistical , cartogram, dot, choropleh, isoling, graduate cirle Thematic demonstrates a particulare feature or a single variable Dot a themaic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable Choropleth a thematic map in which ranked classes of some varivbal are depicted with shading patterns or colors redefined zones Isoline a thematic map with lines that conect points of equal value Cartogram a map that has been simplified to present a single idea in a diagrammatic way: the base on not normally the true to scale Proportional Symbol a thematic map in which the size of a symbol varies in proportion to the frequencey or intensity of the mapped variable Mental Map map like image of the world, country, region, city, or a neighborhood a person carries in their mind Time Zone a geographic region within which the same standard time is used Geographic Information System (GIS) a computer hardware and software system that handles geographically referenced data; it uses and produces maps an has the ability to perform many types of spatial analysis Global Positioning System (GPS) a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satelites, tracking stations, and recievers Remote Sensing the aquisition of data about Earth's surface from a saelite orbiting the plane or othe long-distance mehods Model a simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clarify casual relationships