| Term | Definition |
|---|
| selective permeability | a property of biological membranes that allow some substances to pass through while keeping others out |
| phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes |
| transport protein | a protein located in the cell membrane that helps move specific substances in and out of the cell |
| fluid mosaic model | structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| cytoskeleton | a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement |
| ribosome | An organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins |
| nucleolus | structure inside the nucleus, where ribosomes are made |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum into sacs called vesicles |
| vacuole | storage structures for food, water, minerals, waste |
| lysosome | the organelle that digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders |
| centriole | specialized organelle that directs cell division in animal cells |
| mitochondrion | An organelle that carries out cellular respiration, which produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its activities |
| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that carries out photosynthesis, which captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| cell wall | a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms and gives them support |
| cilium | a short, hairlike projection from the surface of a cell |
| flagellum | a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
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