WHAP Chapter 11 - 15
About this set
Created by:
SabbyC on May 11, 2012
Subjects:
tchs, whap, ap world history, world history
Description:
This one was harder to make... and ended up being super long, so instead of going up to ch. 20, I stopped at ch. 15. Again, results may vary.
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64 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Topiltzin | Religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula |
| Tlaloc |  one of the major Aztec gods associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle as the god of rain |
| Huitzilopochtli |  Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god |
| Nezhualcoyotl | Leading Aztec king of the 15th century; king of Texaco- wrote hymns and poetry- creative force for gods |
| Pochteca | Special merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items |
| Calpulli | Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors |
| Pachacuti |  Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca |
| Twantinsuyu | Word for Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina |
| Split inheritance | Inca practice of descent, all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendents for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy |
| Temple of the Sun |  Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas |
| Quipu |  System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records |
| Hangzhou | Capital of later Song dynasty' located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million |
| Wendi | Member of of northern Chinese family during period of Six dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty |
| Yangdi | Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618 |
| Li Yuan | Also known as Duke of Tan; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu |
| Ministry of Rites | Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars |
| Jinshi | Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office |
| Pure land |  a Buddhist sect in China and Japan that centers on faith in Amida Buddha, who promised to welcome believers to the paradise of the Pure Land, a metaphor for enlightenment |
| Wuzong | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monestaries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology |
| Yang Guifei | Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt |
| Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion |
| Zhao Kuangyin | Founder of Song dynasty; orginally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent |
| Liao dynasty | Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song Dynasty in China |
| Khitan | Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century |
| Zhu Xi | Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action |
| neo-confucians |  Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences |
| Tangut | Rulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226 |
| Xi Xia | Kingdom of Tangu people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drain Song resources and burdened peasantry |
| Wang Anshi | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society |
| Jurchens | Founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced the Song to flee south |
| Jin | Kingdom north of the Song Empire; established by the Jurchens in 115 after overthrowing the Liao dynasty; ended in 1234 |
| Southern Song | Rump state (remnant of a once-larger government) of the Song Dynasty from 1127 to 1279; carved out of the much larger domains of the Tang and northern Song; Culturally, one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history. |
| Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers; it was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire |
| Li Bo | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings |
| Taika reforms | Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army |
| Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power |
| Bushi | Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies |
| Taira | Powerful Japanese family in 11th and 12th centuries; competed with the Minamota family; defeated after the Gempei Wars |
| Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan |
| Gempei Wars | Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira |
| Bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai |
| Hojo | Warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamota rulers who claimed to rule in name of the Japanese Emperor at Kyoto |
| Ashikaga Takuaji | Member of the Minamota family; overthrew the Kamakuro regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino |
| Choson | Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 BCE |
| Koguryo | Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kindgom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 BCE; adopted cultural Sinification- involved in war with 2 other kingdoms |
| Silla | Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668 |
| Paekche | Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla kingdom and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century |
| Khmers | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south |
| Trinh | Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south |
| Nguyen | Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue |
| Cham | Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south |
| Kuriltai | Meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected |
| Khagan | Title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes |
| Tumens | Basic fighting units of the Mongol foreces; consisted of 10, 000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 100, 100, 10 |
| Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol empire under Genghis Khan: 1162 - 1227. |
| Batu | ruler of the golden horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236 |
| Ogedei | Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded him as Mongol khagan |
| Khanates | Four divisions of the Mongol world following Genghis Khan's death: Chaghadai, Persia, Kipchak (Golden Horde), and Yuan dynasty in China |
| Battle of Kulikova | Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia |
| Baibars | Commander of Mamluk forces at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians |
| Chabi | Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese |
| Ju Yuanzhang | Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty |
| Zhenghe |  Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf and Red Sea trade expeditions under third Ming emperor, Yunglo between 1405 and 1433 |
| Vivaldis | Two Genoese brothers who attempted to find a Western route to the "Indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into southern Atlantic |
Flickr Creative Commons Images
Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com. Click to see the original works with their full license.
- "Tlaloc" image
- "Huitzilopochtli" image
- "Pachacuti" image
- "Temple of the Sun" image
- "Quipu" image
- "Pure land" image
- "neo-confucians" image
- "Zhenghe" image
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