Politics and Conflicts in the Modern World
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Created by:
LaurenMilena on May 12, 2012
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Unit 16
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12 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Decolonization | Process of colonial countries gaining status as fully independent countries |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Led an Indian independence movement; Gandi advocated non-cooperation, non-violence, passive resistance, boycotts |
| Why India and Pakistan separated | To preserve peace between Muslim and Hindu groups |
| Causes of Indo-Pakistani conflict | a. Both countries have had multiple political leaders assassinated b. Both countries claim area known as Kashmir c. Both countries developed nuclear weapons d. Pakistan is unstable due to civil war during 1970s, presence of Taliban (pro-theocracy Islamic group trying to overthrow government), and a strong tribal system that undermines government authority |
| Causes of African conflicts | a. Weak democratic governments because of no middle class, no history of democracy b. Civil wars broke out in many countries between rival ethnic groups after independence c. New governments lacked infrastructure, education systems, investment/trade (many colonies had not been developed with schools, factories, roads, electricity, etc.) d. From 1950s to 1980s, U.S. and USSR attempted to influence new countires governments --> civil wars broke out between communists and anti-communists |
| Causes of the Arab-Israeli conflict | Jewish state declared its independence as Isreal, but Arab countries refused to accept its existence because: a. Religious differences between Jews and Muslims b. Rival claims to the territory of Palestine c. Arab governments were supported by USSR, while Jews were supported by U.S. |
| Palestinian Authority | A limited government for Palestinians that would control areas called the Gaza Strip and the West Bank |
| Continuing issues in the Arab-Israeli conflict | a. Hamas, a radical Palestinian terrorist group, won control of the Palestinian Authority, and has used land in Gaza Strip to attack Israel using rockets and suicide bombers b. Palestinians demand "right of return" = ability to return land in Israel they once owned, Israel refuses to grant the right of return c. Some Arab countries continue to deny Israel's right to exist d. Arabs and Israelis dispute control of sites in Jerusalem considered holy to Jews and Muslims |
| Osama bin Laden | A wealthy Saudi extremist, formed Al Qaeda in Afghanistan after Soviet invasion of Afghanistan with goal of forcing Soviets out and creating Islamic theocracy |
| Why Al Qaeda began attacking U.S. | Osama bin Laden and other extremists in Al Qaeda demanded withdrawal of U.S. from Saudi Arabia and the Middle East because: a. Al Qaeda claimed the presence of U.S. forces was offensive to the cities of Mecca and Medina b. U.S. continued to support Israel, preventing Palestinians from ruling Jerusalem c. U.S. cannot coesist with theocracy |
| Four Modernizations | 1. Economic reforms 2. Agricultural reforms 3. Science and technological development 4. Military development |
| Current issues in China | a. Pollution from rapid industrialization threatens environment and health of Chinese citizens b. Economic controls by Chinese government threaten long-term growth of economy c. Chinese government controls and oppresses Tibet d. No human, political or civil rights for Chinese citizens despite constitutional guarantees |
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