ch 7
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Created by:
hockybunny12 on May 12, 2012
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nonverbal communication | the use of nonlinguistic and paralinguistic cues that are expressed through multiple communication channels; markers of our identities; learned within cultures |
| nonlinguistic cue | nonverbal eye contact, smile, touch, hand gestures, or silence |
| paralinguistic cue | tone of voice, volume of sounds that accompany a verbal message |
| multiple channels | how the meaning of nonverbal messages can be simultaneously signaled and interpreted through various outlets such as face, body, voice, hand, space, and environment in which communicated |
| sociocultural setting | importance of how cultural norms and expectations shape the standards by which we evaluate nonverbal appropriateness or inappropriateness in a particular cultural situation |
| countless interpretations | same nonverbal cue can mean different things to different people in different cultures; can create confusion |
| nonverbal messages can... | stress analogical or relational meanings via the tone of voice or other body expressive cues; repeat the verbal message; contradict the message; substitute for the verbal message; complement the verbal message; may also accent or emphasize parts of a verbal message. (r.a.c.c.s.) |
| physical appearance | body type, height, weight, hair, and skin color |
| artifacts | ornaments or adornments we use to communicate just by wearing the actual item; Clothing communicates your cultural and subcultural affiliations. Ex: jewelry, tattoos, piercings, specific time in history |
| paralanguage | vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech; how something is said not what is said |
| paralinguistic features | nonword sounds and characteristics of speech |
| voice qualities | accent, pitch range, pitch intensity, volume, articulation, and rate |
| kinesics | study of posture, body movement, gestures, and facial expressions |
| SADFISH | 7 emotions on a individuals face; sadness, anger, disgust, fear, interest, surprise, and happiness |
| cultural display rules | procedures we learn for managing the way we express our emotions; tell us when it is or is not acceptable to express our emotions; changed with the advances in technology and the internet (emoticons) |
| gestures | culturally specific and significant forms of nonverbal communication |
| emblems | gestures that substitute for words and phrases; ex: okay, thumbs up, wave |
| illustrators | nonverbal hand gestures that we use along w/ the spoken message; ex: make shapes when talking about the shape of something |
| regulators | nonverbal behaviors we use in conversation to control, maintain, or regulate the pace and flow of the conversation; ex: head nodding, signaling to slow down or speed up conversation |
| adaptors | habits or gestures that fulfill some kind of psychological or physical need; ex: cover mouth when sneeze, scratch |
| affect displays | communicate emotional meaning; ex: expression of happiness, surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust |
| haptics | examines the perceptions and meanings of touch behavior |
| touch | the most primitive form of communication, probably the first sense to be used, and varies with relationship stages |
| high-contact cultures | direct eye contact, face each other, touch and kiss, speaker in rather loud voices; ex: Latin America, French, Russian, and Italian |
| low-contact cultures | engage in little if any touching, prefer indirect eye contact, and speak in lower voices ex: Japanese, chinese, and indians |
| moderate-contact cultures | blend of both; ex: U.S., Canada, and Australia |
| eye contact | through eye contact we can monitor feedback (gauge a reaction), maintain interest, signal conversational turns, signal the nature of relationships, and compensate for physical distance |
| eye avoidance | you avoid eye contact to give privacy or signal lack of interest |
| silence | your silence communicates just as intensely as anything you verbalize; serves time to think, to hurt, response to personal anxiety, prevent communication, communicate emotional responses, and achieve specific effects |
| spatial messages | proximity communicates relationship status; violation of zones can result in feelings of anxiety or discomfort |
| intimate zone | 0-18 inches, reserved for those closest to us |
| personal zone | 18-40 inches, reserved for closer friends, some acquaintances, and colleagues |
| social zone | 48 in-12 ft; the space we like to have when in public |
| public zone | any distance of 12 feet or more |
| environmental boundaries | the claimed sense of space and emotional attachment we share with other in our community; invest time, effort, emotion, and self-worth in places that we claim as our primary territories |
| B= f (P, E) | formula to address the significance of how the environment influences our behavior; B= behavior, P= person, E= environment |
| intrapersonal space | the need for information privacy or psychological silence between the self and others |
| feng shui | "air and water"; philosophy of combining elements to attain good energy in an area |
| temporal regulation | attitudes we have about time |
| chronemics | how people in different cultures structure, interpret, and understand the time dimension |
| monochromic time (MT) | cultures pay close attention to clock time and do one thing at a time; people use time in a linear way, employing segments to break up time into scheduled and divided allotments so a person can concentrate on one thing at a time; ex: U.S., Germany, and Switzerland |
| polychromic time (PT) | cultures pay attention to relational time and place more emphasis on completing human transactions that on holding to schedules; ex: Arab, African, Latin American, Asian, and Mediterranean cultures |
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