| Term | Definition |
| viceroyalty | the part of an empire ruled by a viceroy |
| El Camino Real | the major roads connecting the cities in Mexico or the King's Highway |
| hacienda | Spanish name for large estates in Mexico |
| tenants | Indians who chose to stay and work on a hacienda |
| self-sufficient | to rely on one's ability to provide for own needs |
| Creole | people of Spanish ancestry who had been born in New Spain |
| mestizos | people who were a mix of Spanish and Indian ancestry |
| clergy | religious officials |
| mercantilism | economic system whereby the purpose of the colony was to benefit the parent countrythe |
| export | goods shipped abroad |
| import | goods brought in from abroad |