| Term | Definition |
|---|
| abscess | swellings filled with purulent material (pus) |
| abduction | movement of a bone away from the midline of the body |
| abomasum | the fourth stomach compartment of a ruminant animal and the only one that is a true stomach |
| acute disease | a disease having rapid onset and short duration |
| acute toxicity test | a test in which the test animal recieves a single dose of a test substance |
| adduction | the movement of a bone toward the midline of the body |
| adjuvant | a substance that enhances the potency of another substance |
| agar | the nutrient material on which microbiological cultures are grown |
| alimentary canal | the gastrointestinal tract which consists of a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus |
| alleles | all genes that affect the same trait in a species and occur on the same gene locus of its chromosomes |
| allergey | hypersensitivity to certain substances |
| alopecia | abnormal loss of hair |
| alveoli | microscopic air sacs in the lungs |
| ambulation | the act of walking |
| anaphylactic shock | a sudden severe allergic reaction characterized by a sharp drop in blood pressure, uticaria, and respiratory distress |
| androgens | one of several male sex hormones |
| anemometer | an instrument that measures air flow into or out of a room |
| anesthisia | the loss of felling or sensation |
| anesthetics | drugs that produce anesthesia |
| anestrus | the long period of time between breeding seasons |
| antagonist | a drug that counteracts the effects of an anesthetic |
| antibodies | special blood protiens that a re produced in response to specific anitgens |
| anticoagulant | a substance (EDTA, sodium citrate, heparin) that is added to blood samples to prevent clotting |
| antigen | a microorangism or other foreign substance such as bee venom, dander or other foreign protien |
| antiseptic | a substance that destroys or inhibits the growth of microorganisms but do not strerilize the applied area |
| aorta | the large trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed throughout the body |
| aortic valve | the membrane located between teh aorta and the left ventricle that prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle |
| appendicular | pertaining to the limbs of the body |
| appendicular skeleton | the bones attached to the axial skeleton that make up the limbs |
| aqueous solution | a mixture of gas, liquid or solid in a liquid where the liquid is water |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| ascites | an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity that is rich in a desired antibody and results from the injection of hybridomas |
| asepsis | a state of sanitation in which the number of disease producing microorganisms has been greatly reduced |
| asymptomatic | presenting no symptoms of disease |
| athymic rats and hamsters | animals with a genetic T cell deficiency |
| atlas | the first cervical vertebra of the spinal column |
| atrium | an upper heart chamber which recieves blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle |
| auricular artery | the most common blood collection site in the rabbit |
| autonomic nervous system | a subdivision of the perpheral nervous system the control the involuntary functions of the ear flap |
| axenic | completely free of all detectable microorganisms and parasites |
| axial skeleton | the bones that make up the central trunk of the body |
| axial | situated around or along the axis |
| axis | the second vertebra of the spinal column |
| axon | a long process or extension of a single nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the body of the nerve cell |
| bacteremia | a sytemic bacterial disease agent carried through the body in the bloodstream |
| barbiturates | general anesthetics (phenobarbital, thiopental) given by injection and producing unconsciousness |
| basophil | a granular leukocyte characterized by a nuleus having two or more lobes and dark staining cytoplasmic granules |
| b-cell | a type of lymohocyte that synthesizes the anitbodies and reacts with specific antigens |
| bile | a greenish fluid secreted from the liver that aids in the metabolism of fats |
| biological indicator | resistant organisms added to material to be sterilized and whose absence then indicates that sterility has been achieved |
| blood chemistry | chemical tests performed on blood plasma or serum for diagnostic or investigative purposes |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | a waste product produced during normal body metabolism |
| bordetella | a parasitic gram negative microorganism often associated with lung disease |
| bronchioles | small thin walled branching subdivisions of the bronchi |
| cannula | a hollow tube through which blood or other body fluids can be withdrawn or test substances administered |
| captive bolt | sacrificing of an animal utilizing a large metal bolt that is fired into the brain of a large animal when chemical free tissue is needed |
| cardiac muscle | striated muscle tissue of the heart which involuntarily contracts and relaxes |
| carpals | the bones that connect the phalanges to the limb |
| cecum | a blind sac that branches from the juncture of the ileum and colon and helps digest roughage |
| cell membrane | a semi permeable membrance that encases a cell and selectivly permist nutrients and gases to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell |
| cellulose | the skeletal structure of most plant cell that consists of water insoluble carboydrates |
| centrifuge | an electomechanical device used to seperate the solid and liquid portions of blood |
| cerebellum | the part of the brain that lies between the brain stem and the bacl of the cerebrum and controls muscle coordination |
| cerebrum | the large upper part of the brain which is divided into two cerebral hemispheres joined at the bottom by the corpus callosum. It controls and integrates motor and sensory functions |
| cervix | the narrow opening at the distal end of the uterus |
| chimera | a transgenic or knockout animal with some of its cell containing new DNA |
| chronic disease | a disease having a gradual onset and long duration |
| chyme | or ingesta, is the mixture of food and various digestive secretions created within the stomach |
| cilia | minute hair like cellular projections that line the respiratory tract |
| cloaca | the common cavity into which the intestinal, genital and urinary tracts open in vertebraes such as fish, reptiles, birds and some primitive animals |
| clone | a cell organism that is gentically identical to the cell or organism it is derived from tby means of asexual reproduction |
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