| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Basic objectives of sport psychology:___ | To learn how psychological factors affect an individual's physical performance, and to understand how participation in sport & exercise affects a person's psychological developement, health, and well-being. |
| Types of sport psychologist:___ | Academic, reseearch, and educational |
| Three sources of knowledge:___ | Common sense, practical experience, and scientific knowledge. |
| Importance of theory:___ | To explain, understand, and predict behavior. |
| Scientific Theory | Involves manipulation of variables as well as observing them, allows the investigator to examine changes in how one variable causes change in another, and it often involves the use of a control group. |
| Construct | A concept defined for a specific purpose. You cannot see constructs..inferred through behavior. |
| Anxiety | Negitive emotional state in which feelings of worry, apprehension, tension are associated with activational or arousal of the body. You can not see it; you have to measure it. |
| Studies and Experiments | Methods which allow scientest to build, support, and refute theory. |
| Validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. |
| Personality | Sum total of an individual's characteristics which make him or her unique. |
| Theoretical Approaches To Personality | Psychodynamic Theory, Situational Theory, Interactive Approach and Trait Theory |
| Personality Characteristics | Relatively stable; traits/dispositions; likely to respond the same way across most situations; and from internal and constant at the base to being influenced by social, enviromental, and dynamic at the a pex. |
| Psychodynamic Theory | Focuses on internal, unconscious processes that are constantly in conflict with one another. |
| Trait Theory | Behavior is determined by relatively stable traits which are fundamental units of personality. |
| Situational Theory | Behavior determined largely by the situation or enviroment. |
| Interactive Approach | Behavior is determined by person and situational factors, as well as their interaction. |
| Measuring Personality:___ | Interactive approaches, behavioral measures, and subjective measures. |
| The most useful approach for understanding sport and exercise behavior:___ | The interactice approach is the best |
| Spor specific approaches:___ | Indicate how you will typically respond in the contex of the sport. |
| POMS | Profile of Mood States |
| Personality as a selection process:___ | POMS was originally used for mental health patients. It predicts little for the sucess of an athlete. |
| Problem with Sport psych. reseacerch:___ | Conceptual, methodological, and interpretive. |
| Motivation | Direction and intensity of one's effort. |
| Interaction perspective of motivation:___ | Person*Enviroment=motivational behavior |
| Guidlines to building motivation:___ | both situations and traits motivate people; people have multiple motives for involvement; know how to change the enviroment to enhance motivation; leaders influence motivation; and behavior modification to change undisirable participan motives. |
| Achievement Motication | disposition to strive for task success, persist in the force of failure, and experience pride in one's accomplishments. |
| Atkinson's Modle | B=F(P,E) 2 factors interacting with the enviroment |
| Motive Approach To Success (MS) | Degree to which you expierience pride or satisfaction in your accomplishments. |
| Motive to Avoid Failure(MAF) | Degree to which you experience shame of humiliation as a consiquence of failure. |
| MS and MAF are:___ | personality factors |
| High MS=? | low MAF |
| Low MS=? | high MAF |
| B=F[(MS-MAS),E] | Atkinsons modle |
| Situation factors to the Atkinson's Modle:___ | Probability of success (PS), and Incentive value of success (IS) |
| PS | "What is the likelyhood" |
| IS | "How much is it worth; how important is winning" |
| How does Achievement Motivation influence behavior? | It gives us the desire to accomplish something difficult, to tival and surpass others |
| Attribution Theory | "The reason WHY things occur" |
| Types of attribution:___ | Ability, task difficulty, effort, and luck. |
| Causal Dimensions | Help us make sense of out comes |
| Types of causal dimensions:___ | Lucus caysality, stability, and control. |
| Lucus Causality | "Is this the cause of internal or external?" |
| Stability | "Is the cause likely to change or remain the same?" |
| Control | "Is the cause under control or not under the control of the individual or others?" |
| Ability | This does not fit into stable or unstable because it changes throughout life: or internal/external. It is linked to effort. |
| The attribution process:___ | Attribution>Affect/Expectations>Motivation for future participation>Event>Outcome...Post-Event analysis>Attribution |
| Results of attribution:___ | Attributions made by teachers/coaches carry a more subtle but powerful message. |
| Learned Helplessness:___ | Attributions made about your own performance, if maladaptive, can reproduce motivation. |
| Arousal | Energizing function which brings together body's resource for intense and vigorous activity. |
| Intensity | Best represented by arousal. |
| Measuring arousal and anxiety:___ | Multidimensional measures |
| Difference between state and trait anxiety:___ | State is "right now", and trait is "all the time/how you typically feel." |
| Relationship between state and trait anxiety:___ | The more trait anxiety a person expieriences the more state anxiety a person will have. |
| Stress | Imbalence between demand and response capabilities where failure to meet the demand has important consequences. |
| Theories of arousal and performance:___ | Drive theory, Inverted-U hypothesis, Individualized Zones of Frequency (IZOF), and Catastrophhic theory. |
| Stress process:___ | Enviromental demand>Individual perceptions of the enviromental demand>Stress response>Behavior>Enviromental Demand |
| Drive Theory | Increased arousal increases the likelyhood of "dominant response" occuring |
| Inverted-U Hypothesis | As arousal increases, so does performance until some optimal point where best performance |
| Catastrophe Theory | Performance is a complex interaction of physical arousal and cognitive anxiety. |
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