| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th president of the U.S.; focused on trust busting, enviromental conservation, and strong foreign policy |
| Square Deal | TR's campaign slogan; his belief that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced; called for limiting the power of trust, promoting public health and safety, and improving working conditions |
| William Howard Taft | 27th president; angered progressives by moving slowly towards reforms; lost Roosevelt's support |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th president; proposed the League of Nations after WWI; reform legislation included direct election of senators, prohibition, and women's suffrage; enacted child labor laws |
| New Freedom | Wilson's plan of reform which called for tarriff reductions, banking reform, and stronger antitrust legislation |
| Federal Reserve Act | created a central fundfrom which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic; it also placed the banking system under the supervision of government |
| Sixteenth Amendment | allowed congress to levy taxes based on individual income |
| Newlands Reclamation Act | allowed federal government to build irrigantion projects to make marginal lands productive |
| recall | a vote to remove an official from office |
| Referendum | allowed voters to approve or reject a law already proposed or passed by government |
| Initiative | a method of allowing voters to propose a new law on the ballot fpr public approval |
| Seventeenth Amendment | allowedAmerican voters to directly elect U.S. senators |
| Wisconsin Idea | reform program that pushed to make state governments more professonal |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | made it illegal to create monopolies or trusts that restrained free trade |
| Federal Reserve Act | created a central fundfrom which banks could borrow to prevent collapse during a financial panic; it also placed the banking system under the supervision of government |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | prohibited companies from buying the stock of competing companies in order to form a monopoly, forbade companies from selling goods below cost with the goal of driving thier competitiors out of businesses, and made stikes, boycotts, and picketing legal |
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