| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Phonetics | Scientific study of speech sounds, their form, substance and perception and the application of this to a better understanding and improvement of linguistic expression. |
| Phonemics | The relationship of sound patterns to meaning |
| Phonics | The study of the relationship of English speech sounds to letters of the English alphabet. |
| International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) | Set of symbols one can use to graphically represent the sound of speech in any language |
| Virgules // | Indicate phonemes |
| Brackets [] | Indicate transcription |
| Pulmonic Consonants | Speech sounds formed with relatively closed posture and compressed air from the lungs |
| Rows of Pulmonic Consonants (IPA) | Manner in which air stream is managed |
| Columns of Pulmonic Consonants (IPA) | Location of maximum vocal tract constriction |
| Vowels | Relatively open speech sounds, generally form nucleus of syllables. (When 2 are side by side, one to right is formed with lips rounded) |
| Diacritics | Small variations in the way sounds are formed, noticeable but don't usually change meaning |
| Suprasegmentals | Features of speech that may extend over several speech sounds, include: stress, rhythm, intonation, pauses |
| "Other" Section (IPA) | Symbols that aren't readily classified |
| Applied Phonetics | Information gathered from experimentation, focuses on manner in which sounds are employed for communication |
| Experimental Phonetics | Study of speech sounds in controlled, experimental designs, includes articulatory, acoustic and perceptual phonetics |
| Linguistic Phonetics | Studies how speech conveys meaning, how sounds link segments |
| Normative Phonetics | Studies what is "normal" |
| Clinical Phonetics | Assists individuals with disordered speech |
| Categories of speech disorders | Speech, fluency, language |
| Speech Disorders | Involve motor speech, neurological dysfunction, phonetic. Caused by peripheral, physical factors. |
| Fluency Disorders | Involve inability to initiate and maintain the normal rhythm (flow) of speech. Behavior or neurological factors |
| Language Disorders | Involves individual's ability to associate a sound symbol with a referent or concept. Causes are neurological, related to structural problems. May affect syntax, semantics and phonology |
| Binary method | Used by non-professionals or screeners to describe speech disorders |
| 5 Way Method | Used by professionals to describe speech disorders |
| 5 Way System | Standard, Substitution, Omission, Distortion, Addition (SSODA) |
| 2 Ways to Identify Speech Anomalies | Language sample, Articulation test |
| Speech | A modality of language expression in which the symbols are sounds emitted through the mouth and nose |
| 5 Principles in Definition of "Phoneme" | Phonetically similar, same place manner-voicing, linguistic function, used to represent concepts, contrasts with other phonemes to differentiate meaning |
| Grapheme | Visually similar written marks that serve the linguistic function of contrasting with other such groups to differentiate meaning |
| Allophone | Non-distinctive, non-contrastive phonetic variations within a phoneme |
| Minimal Pair | Pair of words differing only by one sound in the same position in each word. EX) Bet vs. Bed |
| Morpheme | The minimal unit of meaning in a language |
| Grammatical Morpheme | Tied to another morpheme, has syntactical purpose, sequence rules. EX) Dog(s) |
| Lexical Morpheme | Denotes a specific semantic meaning, can stand alone. |
| Phonology | Study of the inventory of sounds and their patterns of distribution in a given language |
| Semantics | Study of the relationships between words and their meanings |
| Syntax | The sequential organization of linguistic units and their relationships to one another |
| Segment | Any kind of separable unit into which one divides samples of spoken language--acoustic, psychological, motoric |
| Dialect | Variant forms of speech within a given language |
| Idiolect | An individual's personal language system |
| Register | Speaking style, based on speaker's perception of audience EX) Baby talk |
| 3 Regional Dialects of American English | General American English, Easter, Southern |
| Schwa | Neutral, unstressed vowel |
| Disordered Speech | When the listener pays more attention to the manner in which the speech is produced than the meaning of the message the speaker wishes to convey |
Combine with other sets
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