AP GOVERNMENT Review
Order by
68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Dred Scott v. Sanford | decision that stated slaves were not citizens no matter where they lived |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | decision legalizing state ordered segregation; "seperate but equal" |
| Brown v. Board of Education | overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, ordered all public schools desegregated. Ingegrated schools |
| Regents of the University of Cali. v. Bakke | state university could not admit less qualified indiv. based soley on race. "reverse discrimination" |
| Grisworld v. Connecticut | right of pirvacy, use of birth control is couple's decision |
| Roe v. Wade | legalized abortion, women's right to privacy |
| Shaw v. Reno | no racial gerrymandering |
| Korematsu v. US | upheld order for relocation of Japanese Americans, later Congress formally apologized |
| Schenk v. US | freedom of speech and press can be limited if danger is present, espionage acts |
| Gitlow v. New York | freedoms of press and speech are fundamental personal rights and liberties protectyed by the due process clause of the 14th amendment. |
| Near v. Minnesota | 1st amendments protects newspapers from prior restraint |
| Engel v. Vitale | school prayer violates 1st establisment |
| Tinker v. Des.Moines school district | black armband as anti war protes |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman | school aid and establishment; Lemon Test |
| NY Times v. US | freedom of press, Pentagon Papers |
| Miller v. California | obscenity clause related to works that lack literary, artistic, political or scientific value |
| Buckley v. Valeo | campaign finance declaring fed. limits on campaign contributions in FECA violated 1st Amendment |
| Texas v. Johnson | burning of American flag was constitutional, freedom of symbolic speech, protected by 1st |
| Mapp v. Ohio | 4th amendments protecting against unreasonable searches and seizures extended to states as well as fed. govt. |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | must provide lawyer free of charge if defendant cannot afford one |
| Miranda v. Arizona | must be stated rights while being arrested; Miranda Warning |
| Marbury v. Madison | Supreme Court has power of judicial review over acts of Congress |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | power of federal government is supreme and states cannot interfere |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | SC interpreted the clause in Constitution giving Congress the power to regualte interstate commerce, encompasses every form of economic activity |
| Barron v. Baltimore | bill of rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities |
| Baker v. Carr | ordered state legislative districts be as equal as possible in population |
| US. v. Nixon | ordered Nixon to turn over Oval Office tapes for the Watergate investigation |
| Clinton v. City of New York | line item veto declared unconstitutional |
| US v. Lopez | guns in school zone have nothing to do with commerce |
| separation of Church and state, wall of separation | interpreting the establishment clause |
| Clear and Present Danger test | freedom of speech |
| obscenity | I know it when i see it |
| self incrimination, pleading the fifth | right to not self incriminate, 5th Amendment |
| Interstate Commerce | Gibeons v. Ogden |
| Different forms of speech | symbolic, fighting words, political speech, commercial speech. |
| Reserved powers | goes to states, 10th amendment |
| executive privilege | higher ups dont have to do hearings. |
| Supremacy Clause | fed. govt. wins against states |
| implied powers | not specifically mentioned in const. Elastic Clause |
| Incorporation | Nationalized the Bill of Rights, 14th Amendment |
| Right to counsel | lawyer, Gideon v. Wainwright |
| Seperate but Equal | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| double jeopardy | cannot be tried twice |
| eminent domain | provide just compensation for property |
| Jim Crow Laws | segregation laws passed in the SOuth, unconstitutional |
| Shield Laws | protections of the press, don't have to provide source of info. |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 Amendments; Federalist promised to include these in order to ratify Constitution |
| 1st Amendment | freedom of: speech, press, petition, religion, assembly |
| The Virginia Plan | larger states; proportional representation in Congress |
| The New Jersey Plan | small states supported this, equal representation in Congress |
| The Great Compromise | Combined the two plans and created a bicameral Congress; equal rep. in Senate and prop. representation in HOR |
| What did the F.F. discuss at Constitutional Convention? | Equality and representation of the states, political equalitythe economy, tyranny by the majority, individual rights |
| 2nd Amendment | right to bear arms |
| 3rd Amendment | no quartering of troops in homes |
| 4th amendment | unreasonable searches and sezures, must have search warrent |
| 5th Amendment | due process, double jeopardy, self incrimination |
| 6th Amendment | right to speedy, public trial |
| 7th | right to trial by jurty |
| 8th Amendment | protects against excessive bail or curel and unusual punishment |
| 9th amendment | peoples rights are not restricted to those specified in 1-9 |
| 10th Amendment | powers not granted to national govt. are reserved for the states |
| 14th | Incorportation |
| 19th Amendment | womens suffrage |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition |
| Federalism | two or more levels of goverment share powers between state/local/national govt. |
| soft money | Money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party-building purposes. Now largely illegal except for limited contributions to state or local parties for voter registration and get-out-the-vote efforts. |
| hard money | Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed. |
| F.E.C.A. | Federal Elections Campaign Act, 1974; put new limits on hard money campaign contributions by members of the public; it didn't mention "soft" money, so it just redirected the money instead of eliminating the problem; this is an unentended consequence |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.