5 Written Questions

1. the factor being measured by the investigator.
2. a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.
3. experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent.
4. a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
5. an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.

5 Matching Questions

1. Hindsight bias
2. Critical thinking
3. Correlation
4. Hypothesis
5. Experimental condition

1. a a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two factors vary together and thus how well one factor can be predicted from the other. Correlations can be positive or negative.
2. b the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all along phenomenon.)
3. c the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.
4. d a testable prediction
5. e thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
   1. Mode
   2. Culture
   3. Survey
   4. Range
2. involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation.
   1. Naturalistic observation
   2. Replication
   3. Standard deviation
   4. Illusory correlation
3. a descriptive research strategy in which one person is studied in great depth
   1. Theory
   2. Case study
   3. Survey
   4. Culture
4. the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it.
   1. Mean
   2. Medians
   3. Mode
   4. Range
5. the false perception of a relationship between two events when none exists.
   1. Correlation
   2. Control condition
   3. Illusory correlation
   4. Standard deviation

5 True/False Questions

1. Survey → a measure of variation computed as the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.

   True        False

2. Standard deviation → the average amount by which the scores in a distribution deviate around the mean. Because it is based on every score in the distribution

   True        False

3. Independent variable → the factor being manipulated and tested by the investigator.

   True        False

4. Range → a measure of variation computed as the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.

   True        False

5. Random assignment → a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

   True        False