Child Psych
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adolescence | the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood |
| Adolescent growth spurt | A period of very rapid growth in height and weight during adolescence |
| Puberty | the period of maturation during which the sexual organs mature |
| Menarche | the onset of menstruation |
| Secular trend | a statistical tendency observed over several generations |
| primary sex characteristics | characteristics associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction |
| secondary sex characteristics | the visible signs of sexual maturity that do not involve the sex organs directly |
| anorexia nervosa | a severe and potentially life threatening eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat while denying that their behavior or skeletal appearance is out of the ordinary |
| bulimia | an eating disorder that primarily afflicts adolescent girls and young women, characterized by binges on large quantities of food followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives |
| stress | the physical response to events that threaten or challenge us |
| psychosomatic disorders | medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties |
| coping | efforts to control, reduce, or tolerate the threats and challenges that lead to stress |
| addictive drugs | drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to increasingly powerful cravings for them |
| alcoholics | people who have learned to depend on alcohol and are unable to control their drinking |
| sexually transmitted infection | a disease that is spread through sexual contact |
| formal operational stage | The stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly |
| information processing approach | the perspective that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information |
| metacognition | the knowledge that people have about their own thinking processes and their ability to monitor their cognition |
| adolescent egocentrism | a state of self absorption in which the world is viewed from one's own point of view |
| imaginary audience | fictitious observers who pay as much attention to adolescents' behavior as they do themselves |
| personal fables | the view held by some adolescents that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else |
| fantasy period | according to Ginzberg, the period in life when career choices are made- and discarded- without regard to skills, abilities, or available job opportunities |
| tentative period | The second stage of Ginzberg's theory, which spans adolescence, in which people begin to think in pragmatic terms about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit with those requirements |
| realistic period | the stage in late adolescence and early adulthood during which people explore career options through job experience or training, narrow their choices, and eventually make a commitment to a career. |
| communal professions | occupations associated with relationships |
| agentic professions | occupations associated with getting things accomplished |
| identity versus identity confusion stage | the period during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique and distinctive about themselves |
| identity achievement | the status of adolescents who commit to a particular identity following a period of crisis during which they consider various alternatives |
| identity forclosure | the status of adolescents who prematurely commit to an identity without adequately exploring alternatives |
| moratorium | the status of adolescents who may have explored various identity alternatives to some degree but have not yet committed themselves |
| identity diffusion | the status of adolescents who consider various identity alternatives but never commit to one or never even consider identity options in any conscious way |
| Autonomy | having independence and a sense of control over one's life |
| Generation gap | a divide between parents and adolescents in attitudes, values, aspirations, and world views |
| reference groups | groups of people with whom one compares oneself |
| cliques | groups from 2-12 people whose members have frequent social interactions with one another |
| crowds | groups larger than cliques composed of individuals who share particular characteristics but who may not interact with one another |
| sex cleavage | sex segregation in which boys interact primarily with boys and girls interact primarily with girls |
| controversial adolescents | children who are liked by some peers and disliked by others |
| rejected adolescents | children who are uniformly disliked |
| neglected adolescents | children who receive relatively little attention from their peers in the form of either negative or positive interactions |
| peer pressure | the influence of one's peers to conform to their behavior and attitudes |
| undersocialized deliquents | adolescent delinquents who are raised with little discipline or with harsh uncaring parental supervision |
| socialized delinquents | adolescent delinquents who know and subscribe to the norms of society and who are fairly normal psychologically |
| masturbation | sexual self-stimulation |
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