PSY 100 Ch. 13
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Personality | An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
| Free Association | Psychonanalysis; method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; seek to expose and interpret unconscious tensions |
| Unconscious | According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories; information processing of which we are unaware |
| Psychosexual Stages | Childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones; Freud |
| Identification | Process by which children incorporate their parent's values into their developing superegos; Freud |
| Fixation | Lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved; Freud |
| Defense Mechanism | Ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality; repression, regression, projection, rationalization, displacement, denial |
| Reaction Formation | Psychoanalytic defense mechanism where the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses for their opposites |
| Collective Unconscious | Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history |
| Projective Test | Personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics; Rorschach or TAT |
| Thematic Apperception Test | TAT; Projective test where people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes |
| Rorschach Inkblot Test | Most widely used projective test; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their blot interpretations |
| Terror-Management Theory | Theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders to their impending death |
| Self-Actualization | One of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical needs are met an self-esteem is achieved; motivation to fulfill one's potential; Maslow |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | An attitude of total acceptance toward another person; Rogers |
| Self-Concept | All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves when answering "Who am I?" |
| Trait | A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act as assessed by self-report and peer inventories |
| Personality Inventory | Questionnaire where people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; assesses selected personality traits |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory | MMPI; most widely researched and used personality test; identifies emotional disorders |
| Empirically Derived Test | Test developed by testing a pool of items and selecting those that discriminate between groups; MMPI |
| Social-Cognitive Perspective | Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits and their social context |
| Reciprocal Determinism | Interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment |
| Personal Control | Extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless |
| External Locus of Control | Perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate |
| Internal Locus of Control | Perception that you control your own fate |
| Learned Helplessness | Hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
| Positive Psychology | Scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive |
| Self | Assumed to be the center of personality; organizer of thoughts, feelings, an actions; for contemporary psych |
| Spotlight Effect | Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders |
| Self-Serving Bias | Readiness to perceive oneself favorably |
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