Science Chapter 8
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cuticle | the waxy,waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants |
| vascular tissue | internal transportating tissue in some plants that is made up of tubelike structure |
| zygote | a fertilized egg |
| nonvascular plant | A low-growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue. |
| vascular plant | A plant that has true vascular tissue. |
| sporophyte | the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores |
| gametophyte | the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells |
| photosynthesis | the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food |
| rhizoids | the thin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients for the plant |
| fronds | leaves of ferns |
| nonvascular plants includes | mosses,liverworts, and hornworts |
| embryo | the young plant that develops from the zygote,or fertilizeed egg |
| cotyledons | the embryo's two seed leaves |
| germination | occurs when the embryo begins to grow again and pushes out of the seed |
| root cap | the tip of a root |
| roots | anchor a plant in the ground,absorb water and minerals from the soil,and sometimes store food. |
| seeds | structures that contain a young plant inside a protective covering |
| phloem | the vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants |
| xylem | the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants |
| pollen | tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells |
| cambium | the layer of cells(that divide) in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells |
| transportation | the process by which water evaporates from the stomata in a plant's leaves |
| seed coat | (function)keeps the seed from drying out |
| Ovary | flower structure that protects seeds as they develop |
| sepals | a flower bud that is enclosed by leaflike structures |
| petals | colorful, leaflike structures |
| fruit | a ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds |
| stamens | male reproductive parts |
| flower | reproductive structure of an angiosperm |
| dicots | produce seeds with two seed leaves |
| monocots | angiosperms that have only one seed leaf |
| Photoperiodism | a plants response to seasonal changes in length of night and day |
| Short-day plants | they flower when nights are longer than a critical night length |
| Long-Day plants | they flower when nights are shorter than a critical night length |
| Critical Night length | number of hours of darkness that determine whether or not a plant will flower |
| Day-neutral plants | not sensitive to periods of light and dark |
| Dormancy | a period when an organisms growth or activity stops |
| Dormancy helps | Plants survive freezing temperatures and the lack of liquid water |
| Annuals | Flowering plants that flower and die in the same year |
| Biennials | angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years |
| perennials | flowering plants that live for more than two years |
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